The estrogen receptor pathway controls hair growth cycles and affects skin cell growth.
154 citations
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October 1996 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Estrogen affects hair growth and skin cell multiplication.
71 citations
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February 2000 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Estradiol stops hair growth in mice, but an antagonist can reverse this effect.
March 2026 in “Scientific Reports” Ferulic acid may help hair grow by activating certain receptors in cells.
27 citations
,
October 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” ESR2 gene variations may be linked to female pattern hair loss.
30 citations
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December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Steroids, particularly estrogens and 5α-reductase inhibitors, affect blood vessel-related hair growth processes in hair follicle cells.
9 citations
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August 2021 in “Biomedicines” 17β-estradiol boosts APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cells and mice via a calcium-dependent pathway.
68 citations
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June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
15 citations
,
June 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology” Hormones and genes affect hair growth and male baldness.
2 citations
,
February 2025 in “PLoS ONE” Key proteins influence wool quality by affecting hair follicle development in sheep.
65 citations
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April 2018 in “Oncotarget” Anabolic androgenic steroids can increase cancer risk and disrupt hormones.
1 citations
,
May 2025 in “Scientific Reports” The study identified key genes and pathways that influence goat wool quality and growth.
77 citations
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June 2007 in “PLoS ONE” Birds can regenerate inner ear cells using specific gene pathways, unlike mammals.
August 2025 in “Nutrients” Ageratum conyzoides extract promotes hair growth and regrowth.
November 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” The research provides insights into hair follicle growth in forest musk deer by identifying key genes and pathways involved.
Different wool coat types in goats are linked to specific gene expressions, which could improve cashmere quality.
5 citations
,
May 2021 in “Small ruminant research” The study found specific proteins that could mark different growth stages of cashmere goat hair and may help improve cashmere production.
March 2013 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Hormones significantly affect hair growth and loss, with potential for new treatments.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Early androgen exposure affects hormone receptor expression in adult female rats' brains, but not in males.
130 citations
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June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
12 citations
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March 2017 in “Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology” Testosterone helps prevent skin damage in males by acting through both estrogen and androgen pathways.
187 citations
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December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.
159 citations
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July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.
5 citations
,
August 2012 in “Journal of Dermatology” Tamoxifen may cause female hair loss by increasing androgen receptor expression.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “Scientific Reports” Mandarin duck sail feathers change with seasons due to hormones and genetic regulation.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
27 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research” Women generally handle heart enlargement better than men, but it's riskier for them if it occurs; hormones like estrogen offer some protection.
10 citations
,
December 2017 in “Chemosphere” Bisphenol-A (BPA) increases connections between brain cells and boosts their activity, but it blocks the effects of a male hormone on brain cell plasticity.
13 citations
,
July 2018 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.
July 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” G-1 promotes hair growth in female mice by activating specific signaling pathways.