113 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Cyproterone acetate-estrogen most effective for hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient needs.
74 citations
,
December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide plus estrogen is more effective than oral contraceptives for reducing hirsutism.
2 citations
,
December 1994 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The treatment effectively reduced hair growth and was safe for patients with PCOS, but it needs better bleeding control.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.
71 citations
,
February 2000 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Estradiol stops hair growth in mice, but an antagonist can reverse this effect.
68 citations
,
May 1991 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Both cyproterone acetate and spironolactone effectively reduce hair growth in women with hirsutism.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Botanical treatments like saw palmetto, rosemary oil, and ginseng may help reduce hair loss in menopausal women.
22 citations
,
January 2004 in “Dermatology” Topical estrogen helps hair growth in menopausal women with no major side effects.
23 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” All treatments reduce hair growth; low dose flutamide most effective with fewer side effects.
January 2007 in “Inpharma Weekly” Dutasteride is more effective for male pattern baldness than finasteride, and black cohosh extract BNO 1055 is as effective as conjugated estrogens in treating postmenopausal symptoms, with added benefits in reducing sweating and mental symptoms.
151 citations
,
May 2014 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Effective treatments for male pattern baldness include oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, while topical minoxidil is best for female pattern baldness.
7 citations
,
March 2011 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Safety” Exemestane is effective and safe for treating certain breast cancers, with mild side effects, but needs more research on long-term effects.
22 citations
,
January 2017 in “Dermatology” Spironolactone is effective and safe for treating acne with minimal side effects.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” Sex hormones' effects on COVID-19 are unclear and more research is needed to understand their potential as treatment.
463 citations
,
September 2004 in “Clinics in dermatology” Effective acne treatments should reduce sebum, bacteria, and inflammation, with isotretinoin being the best for severe cases.
4 citations
,
June 2007 in “PubMed” Effective management of PCOS includes lifestyle changes, medication for menstrual regulation, fertility treatments, and cosmetic issue remedies.
Baicalin may effectively treat hair loss by inhibiting 5α-reductase.
13 citations
,
May 2007 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Synthetic 19-norprogestins promote bone cell growth and function through their non-phenolic metabolites.
19 citations
,
December 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.
2 citations
,
August 2013 in “International Journal of Herbal Medicine” No single treatment effectively cures hirsutism, and evidence for herbal remedies is weak.
December 2025 in “Molecules” A new method effectively detects trace sex hormones in cosmetics, ensuring safety.
February 2024 in “PloS one” Nutraceuticals that promote hair growth do not reduce tamoxifen's effectiveness in breast cancer treatment.
1 citations
,
January 2020 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.
August 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Hair growth supplements do not reduce the effectiveness of the breast cancer treatment tamoxifen.
December 2015 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” Estrogen speeds up hair follicle cell death, causing early hair growth cycle changes, but only if a specific receptor is present.
January 2015 in “Side effects of drugs annual” The document concludes that sex hormones and related compounds have various effects on health, with both potential benefits and risks.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone can lower testosterone in some transfeminine people.
80 citations
,
April 2006 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging” Minoxidil and Finasteride are effective for male baldness; more research is needed for hair aging treatments.
67 citations
,
March 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Oral contraceptives and antiandrogens are effective for treating hirsutism, with antiandrogens being the most effective.
39 citations
,
January 1980 in “Dermatology” Cyproterone acetate was effective in treating acne, hirsutism, and alopecia with few side effects.