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Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.

Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.

A handheld dermatoscope helps diagnose different types of hair loss effectively.

Microstimulation of certain facial and mouth nerves can evoke specific sensations, while deeper nerves may require multiple stimulations to affect perception.

Cyproterone acetate combined with ethinyl estradiol significantly reduced hirsutism in women.

The document concludes that the effectiveness of platelet rich plasma in aesthetic surgery is unclear due to inconsistent reporting and lack of objective measures in studies.

Melatonin may reduce skin damage caused by X-rays in rats.

Low androgen levels might delay prostate cancer but could lead to more aggressive, therapy-resistant cancers.

The conclusion is that women under 35 should start fertility checks after 12 months of trying to conceive, women over 35 after 6 months, and women over 40 should start immediately. The checks should include ovulation status, reproductive tract structure, and male partner's semen evaluation.

PRP therapy may cause infections and other issues, needing more research for safety.

Finasteride for hair loss may cause long-lasting side effects like impotence and low libido, but trials lack proper safety reporting.

Insulin resistance might not be enough to worsen blood vessel function in young, nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Minoxidil's effectiveness decreases as vehicle evaporates; concentration and thermodynamic activity matter.

Excessive hair growth can be assessed by history, exam, and blood tests, and treated with medication like dexamethasone, birth control pills, and spironolactone.

Micrografts improve hair density and thickness without side effects.

Finger length ratios are not linked to the number of specific gene repeats affecting testosterone sensitivity.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

All evaluated shampoos meet Saudi standards.

Finasteride, a hair loss drug, may cause long-term sexual side effects due to changes in hormone receptor levels.

Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide is effective for treating patchy hair loss, and dermoscopy helps detect treatment response and side effects early.

Ebastine may help regrow hair in alopecia areata patients.

Most dogs with alopecia had higher than normal levels of certain hormones, but hair loss might not always be linked to these hormone changes.

Doctors should know how to diagnose and treat PCOS, which often involves checking for high male hormone levels and using medications to manage symptoms.

The evidence for using Low-Level Laser Therapy for hair loss is limited and more thorough research is needed.

Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) is a potential natural antioxidant for medicinal and cosmetic use.

These migraine prevention drugs can cause side effects like constipation, hair loss, injection site reactions, fatigue, and sometimes unexpected issues like Raynaud's phenomenon and weight gain.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Hormonal therapy is a good option for women with severe acne, especially when there's a chance of hormone imbalance.

Women with excessive male-pattern hair growth should get a full hormone check-up to find and treat any underlying issues, considering both medical and emotional aspects.

Cyclosporine A promotes hair growth and prolongs the active growth phase in human hair follicles, but may work differently than in rodents.