34 citations
,
September 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology” The outer layer of Merino wool is rich in sulfur proteins, making it resistant to damage.
25 citations
,
May 2019 in “Cosmetics” 18-MEA and cationic surfactants can restore and maintain hair's hydrophobic nature, improving its beauty and feel.
75 citations
,
November 1965 in “Textile research journal” Papain and bisulfite break down human hair by dissolving parts of it.
40 citations
,
April 1999 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” S100A3 protein is mainly found in specific parts of human hair cells.
30 citations
,
April 2009 in “Mycoses” Microsporum gypseum fungus breaks down keratin in hair by digesting it enzymatically, starting with less keratinized parts.
30 citations
,
January 1994 in “Micron” Mature hair surfaces are formed by keratinized cells with developed layers, not just modified plasma membranes.
27 citations
,
May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
15 citations
,
October 2004 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Holes in mature hair are likely caused by the removal of substances during hair care.
15 citations
,
January 1992 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” The Cell Membrane Complex in hair has both water-attracting and water-repelling layers.
10 citations
,
January 2010 in “International journal of trichology” Keratin-associated proteins are part of the developing hair fiber cuticle.
9 citations
,
February 2016 in “Anatomical Science International” Hair proteins change location and structure as hair cells mature.
8 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of fiber science and technology” Bleaching hair increases cysteic acid levels in a predictable way.
3 citations
,
January 1998 in “ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA” Hair keratins are mainly on macrofibrils in the cortex and in the endocuticle in the cuticle.
March 2026 in “Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials” Hair cuticles remain stable and resilient under stress due to strong protein content and crosslinking.
July 2016 in “Indian journal of science and technology” Neonate scalp hair is thinner, lacks a medulla, and has smaller follicles compared to adult hair.
May 2022 in “Experimental dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy hair is structurally abnormal with protein and organization issues.
January 2017 in “대한미용학회지” The cuticle layer in hair follicles thickens during keratinization due to incomplete cytosol loss.
28 citations
,
July 1980 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The hair disorder was caused by abnormal protein formation, making hair easily damaged.
20 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Older people's hair cuticles get more easily damaged and lose protective oils, especially in their 40s and 50s.
11 citations
,
January 2016 in “Biointerphases” The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.
11 citations
,
January 2000 in “Journal of cosmetic science” Hydrolyzed wheat proteins penetrate all hair types effectively.
10 citations
,
December 2001 in “PubMed” The conclusion is that substances can penetrate hair fibers through multiple pathways, including both the cell membrane complex and the non-keratinous parts.
7 citations
,
November 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair breaks differently when wet or dry and is affected by its condition and treatments like perms and bleaching.
6 citations
,
December 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” CARB is a strong barrier in human hair that prevents dye penetration.
6 citations
,
June 1976 in “Journal of ultrastructure research” Keratinized wool cells still have some organelles like lysosomes and mitochondria.
4 citations
,
November 1968 in “Textile research journal” Hair fibers may have a unique, non-protein sheath not previously identified.
August 1989 in “Proceedings ... annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America/Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America” The research provided a detailed view of the non-keratinous parts of human hair fibers.
Daily hair care may cause holes in hair fibers.
17 citations
,
December 2002 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications” Scientists found out how a specific protein in human hair cuticles behaves and is structured.
4 citations
,
February 2007 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” The study suggests silicon might be important for healthy hair, as less silicon was found in people with hair loss.