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Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.

Gender affirming hormone therapy improves outcomes in gender affirmation surgery.

Sex hormone supplements help improve breathing and nerve recovery after spinal injury in rats.

Hormones can improve wound healing by regulating the healing process.

PROTACs show promise for cancer treatment, but designing them effectively is challenging.

Improving blood flow and oxygen levels in middle age may help prevent age-related diseases.

Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.

Epitestosterone may counteract testosterone's effects and has roles in body processes like prostate growth and hair distribution.

PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women, marked by high androgen levels and often seen in 20% of women via ultrasound.

Men face more severe COVID-19 outcomes, while women are more likely to have long-term symptoms.

Females generally have stronger immune responses than males due to the X chromosome.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors may help protect the brain and gut in Parkinson's disease.

A woman was diagnosed with porphyria cutanea tarda and improved with phlebotomy and lifestyle changes.

Men generally have higher blood pressure than premenopausal women, but postmenopausal women's blood pressure can surpass men's, and hormone therapy doesn't significantly help.

Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are drugs that can control the effects of androgens in different tissues, potentially having fewer side effects and promising for treating various conditions.

Stress and alcohol affect brain chemicals differently in rats, mice, and humans, influenced by genetic differences.

Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual function, mood, and bone density in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on long-term safety.

Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.

The document suggests that blocking sweat glands with antiperspirants might allow skin-generated hormones to be absorbed, possibly increasing breast and prostate cancer risk.

Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.

Newer low-dose oral contraceptives with less androgenic effects improve patient compliance.

Telogen effluvium is a common hair loss condition where many hairs enter the resting phase, often not noticeable until significant loss occurs, and treatment focuses on the underlying cause.

Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

Testosterone and DHEA can benefit women's health but must be prescribed carefully due to potential risks.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Testosterone therapy can help improve mood, sexual function, and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed to establish safe and effective guidelines.

Transgender youth on hormone therapy need personalized acne treatments and supportive care.

Vitamin D receptor interacts with certain dietary components to help prevent diseases and regulate hair growth.