5 citations
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January 2025 in “Science Advances” 5α-reductase 2 is crucial for stress response in male rats.
5 citations
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September 2021 in “Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine” The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.
16 citations
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January 2019 in “Kansas journal of medicine” Healthcare providers need better education and policies to serve transgender individuals effectively.
38 citations
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October 2014 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5-alpha reductase deficiency leads to male sexual development issues and treatments like finasteride help with prostate enlargement and hair loss.
32 citations
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April 1994 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” High androgen levels and genetic factors likely cause Becker's nevus and related symptoms.
May 2024 in “Scientific Reports” Androgen receptors in the mouse brain may explain cognitive and mood changes in prostate cancer treatment.
September 2023 in “Fides et Ratio” The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.
October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
5 citations
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January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.
5 citations
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October 2010 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Flutamide and finasteride reduced sex hormones in pregnant hyenas, but increased them in males.
April 2024 in “International journal of medical science and clinical research studies” Effective acne management in PCOS includes hormone therapy, metformin, isotretinoin, weight loss, diet, exercise, and personalized treatment plans.
162 citations
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April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
42 citations
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February 1985 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Excessive hair growth can be assessed by history, exam, and blood tests, and treated with medication like dexamethasone, birth control pills, and spironolactone.
40 citations
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April 2018 in “Endocrine” PFS and PSSD are similar conditions with persistent sexual dysfunction after stopping medication.
2 citations
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October 2022 in “Frontiers in genetics” Late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can greatly affect physical development, gender identity, and sexual health.
855 citations
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June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
126 citations
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February 2017 in “JAMA Surgery” Surgeons must understand the full care process for gender confirmation surgery to help transgender individuals effectively.
54 citations
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July 2002 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” DHT, a testosterone byproduct, causes male pattern baldness.
31 citations
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January 2003 in “Dermatology” Steroidogenic isoenzymes may help improve treatments for common hair loss.
28 citations
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October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.
7 citations
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January 2025 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” Differentiating PCOS from NCAH helps improve diagnosis and treatment.
3 citations
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January 2010 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document describes various skin conditions, their features, and treatments but lacks detailed study size information.
December 2020 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Finasteride can have lasting negative effects on brain function and behavior by disrupting neurosteroid production.
October 2017 in “Springer eBooks” A thorough initial check-up is essential before sperm banking to ensure the best chance of preserving good quality sperm.
April 2024 in “International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies” Early investigation and a team approach are crucial for managing primary amenorrhea effectively.
24 citations
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January 2021 in “Physiological Research” Testosterone affects brain functions and contributes to sex differences, influencing conditions like autism.
2295 citations
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August 2012 in “The international journal of transgenderism/International journal of transgenderism” The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.
157 citations
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May 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.
153 citations
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March 2017 in “Endocrine” Male pattern baldness involves genetics, hormones, and needs better treatments.
103 citations
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October 2003 in “Birth Defects Research” Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.