January 2016 in “The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine” Doxazosin may cause breast enlargement and pain in men.
17 citations
,
January 1995 in “The American Journal of Medicine” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and tailored long-term treatment can effectively manage androgenic disorders in women, improving patient care outcomes.
86 citations
,
February 2009 in “Journal of Neuroscience” Pregnancy increases certain GABAA receptors in rat brains, influenced by steroid levels.
4 citations
,
August 2024 in “PLoS ONE” Both injectable contraceptives lower testosterone and SHBG levels, with NET-EN having a greater effect than DMPA-IM.
124 citations
,
July 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Overexpressing a specific enzyme in mice causes hair loss and female infertility.
September 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Sublingual minoxidil significantly improves hair growth in transgender individuals on testosterone therapy.
15 citations
,
January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.
January 2010 in “Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine” Low-dose effects in rodent studies are hard to confirm due to confounding factors and control group variability.
36 citations
,
July 1980 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of ethynylestradiol in rats caused growth issues, organ changes, and some tumors, but didn't increase overall tumor rates.
January 2026 in “Hormones and Behavior” Pregnancy affects fear memory and brain activity in female rats.
14 citations
,
December 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” MENT could be a better option than testosterone for male hormone therapy and birth control because it works well at lower doses and has fewer side effects on the prostate.
9 citations
,
November 2014 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” A 15-year-old girl with rare reproductive disorders received hormone therapy to develop secondary sexual traits, but infertility persisted.
June 2018 in “Journal of Clinical Periodontology” Finasteride may cause gum side effects in some patients.
3 citations
,
October 1995 in “Southern Medical Journal” Finasteride may cause breast enlargement, low testosterone a risk factor.
25 citations
,
July 2013 in “Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry” Spironolactone harms fish reproduction and is more potent in fish than invertebrates, needing environmental monitoring.
9 citations
,
May 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Reversing female hair loss.
April 2016 in “ValpoScholar (Valparaiso University)” Finasteride side effects may be reduced by considering brain differences.
4 citations
,
November 2022 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” The enzyme 5α-reductase type 1 is important for blood vessel development and fertility in the uterus.
January 2024 in “Cosmetics” Menopause worsens skin, hair, and nails, affecting self-esteem and quality of life.
29 citations
,
June 2004 in “Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior” Finasteride reduces alcohol withdrawal effects, especially in female mice.
14 citations
,
August 1997 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride can cause enlarged breasts.
1 citations
,
March 2005 in “Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie” A postmenopausal woman had high testosterone from her right adrenal gland, leading to recommended surgery.
March 2024 in “BMC women's health” The levonorgestrel implant increases free testosterone and lowers SHBG more than DMPA-IM and the copper IUD.
Antiandrogens and finasteride may help treat excess hair and hair loss in women.
25 citations
,
September 2005 in “International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience” Morphine increases testosterone breakdown in the rat brain and spinal cord.
20 citations
,
January 2003 in “Treatments in Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy can help improve mood, sexual function, and bone health in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed to establish safe and effective guidelines.
5-Alpha reductase inhibitors help treat enlarged prostate but may cause sexual side effects.
111 citations
,
August 2015 in “Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders” 5α-reductase inhibitors may cause persistent sexual dysfunction and depression, needing more research on long-term effects.
35 citations
,
February 1994 in “Fundamental and applied toxicology” High doses of finasteride cause cell growth and tumors in mice.