98 citations
,
July 1983 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Individuals with this condition often develop male traits and identities at puberty despite being raised as females.
13 citations
,
May 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” LH and hCG reduce certain protein levels in women's skin.
January 2024 in “Biology of sex differences” Dihydrotestosterone makes arteries stiffer in female mice by reducing estrogen receptor expression.
1 citations
,
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Testosterone treatment may affect heart response to stress in transgender men.
26 citations
,
September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
14 citations
,
June 2016 in “Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” Hormonal treatments effectively treat acne in females and could reduce antibiotic use.
The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.
10 citations
,
February 2016 in “The Journal for Nurse Practitioners” Healthcare providers need better education and resources to give competent and sensitive care to transgender patients.
1 citations
,
March 2025 in “Medical Molecular Morphology” Androgens affect the function and health of the endometrium.
September 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hormone therapy in transgender and gender diverse individuals affects hair loss differently than in cisgender individuals.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for insulin secretion in males.
15 citations
,
January 2002 in “Gynecological endocrinology” Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.
January 2023 in “Zdravstvena zaštita” Aging-related hormone changes affect voice quality, especially during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
9 citations
,
September 2010 in “Immunology Endocrine & Metabolic Agents - Medicinal Chemistry” Sex hormones influence immune responses and may help treat diseases.
26 citations
,
January 2013 in “BioMed Research International” Hormonal changes after childbirth and menopause can lead to women's hair loss and facial hair growth, with a need for better treatments.
4 citations
,
July 1983 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Certain hormones can reduce skin oil and hair growth, potentially helping treat acne and excessive hair in women.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Goserelin injections can effectively manage hyperandrogenism symptoms in postmenopausal women who can't have surgery.
November 2017 in “JAMA internal medicine” Women also use 5α-reductase inhibitors, and their effects differ from men.
January 2025 in “Biomedicines” High testosterone levels can harm fertility by disrupting the LIF signaling pathway in the uterus.
10 citations
,
January 2015 in “Przeglad Menopauzalny” Progestogens are essential in menopausal hormone therapy to prevent uterine cancer and must be chosen carefully based on individual needs.
30 citations
,
March 2001 in “Environmental Health Perspectives” Small changes in hormones can significantly impact health, showing the importance of sensitive testing for chemicals that disrupt hormones.
164 citations
,
January 2003 in “Drugs” 16 citations
,
February 2014 in “Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects Iranian women's feelings of femininity and self-image.
February 2024 in “Endocrinology and Disorders” Balanced hormones are crucial for women's health, and can be managed with lifestyle changes or hormone therapy if needed.
1 citations
,
September 2016 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open” Facial Feminization Surgery is effective and safe, with minimal complications.
22 citations
,
January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Some new progesterone derivatives are better at blocking testosterone conversion than a common drug.
77 citations
,
October 1986 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Nafarelin may effectively treat excessive hair growth in women by reducing certain hormone levels.
3 citations
,
July 1993 in “Contraception” Women with moderate body hair have higher levels of certain hormones and may benefit from treatment that increases sex hormone-binding protein.
December 2024 in “Quality in Sport” Hormonal balance is vital for women's health and performance, but therapies like contraceptives and steroids have both benefits and risks.