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January 1985 in “Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica” Low-dose oral contraceptives reduced hair growth and testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
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December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.
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December 2002 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Estrogens can slow skin aging after menopause, but can't restore youthful skin.
6 citations
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October 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Male mice with FGF5 mutations grow longer hair than females.
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January 2018 in “Georg Thieme Verlag eBooks” Gender affirmation surgery improves personal appearance and self-esteem.
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January 1978 in “PubMed” Certain chemical changes to cortisol and progesterone can increase or decrease their ability to inhibit hair growth.
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45 citations
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March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
Hirsutism is excessive male-pattern hair growth in women, often treated cosmetically or with hormone therapy if contraception is also desired.
January 2014 in “European Geriatric Medicine” A postmenopausal woman's virilization was caused by a rare ovarian tumor that was hard to detect but was successfully treated with surgery.
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October 2002 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Enzyme activities do not cause early pubic hair in these girls.
September 2023 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Menopause causes skin and hair to become drier and thinner, but hormone therapy can improve these conditions.
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March 2024 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Prenatal and postnatal environments both affect PCOS development and gut microbiota in mice.
More men are getting plastic surgery due to social media influence and less stigma.
March 2004 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” Testosterone's role in women's sex drive is unclear and needs more research, as low levels don't always mean less sexual interest and high levels can cause side effects.
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March 2019 in “JAT. Journal of applied toxicology/Journal of applied toxicology” PFOS exposure disrupts hormone levels and enzyme activities in juvenile frogs, affecting males and females differently.
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April 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Finasteride may cause mental and sexual side effects, with hand preference and sexual orientation possibly affecting severity.
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September 2018 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Finasteride treatment in male rats causes long-lasting effects on depression-like behavior, brain cell growth, inflammation, and gut bacteria composition.
April 2025 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” Early exposure to sexualized content and poor lifestyle choices may lead to early hair loss.
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November 2019 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” Men and women have different levels and production of brain steroids, which may affect their risk for certain brain disorders.
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January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy in transgender patients can lead to skin changes like altered sebum production, hair growth, and acne, which may require dermatological care.
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November 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Prepubertal girls have higher sex steroid levels than boys, possibly leading to earlier puberty.
Men who strongly follow traditional masculinity are more likely to have cosmetic surgery to feel powerful and successful.
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August 2023 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Excess maternal androgens can cause heart problems in offspring.
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October 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” 5α-reductase deficiency can cause ambiguous genitalia and gender dysphoria, treatable with testosterone.