January 2024 in “International Journal of Health Science” Hormonal implants have many side effects that often outweigh their benefits.
4 citations
,
September 2010 in “Medical Hypotheses” 25 citations
,
July 2006 in “Journal of Neurochemistry” Progesterone affects GABAA receptor function by altering δ subunit levels.
December 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women can cause skin and hair issues, but local estrogen therapies help improve vaginal health.
1 citations
,
April 2015 in “The FASEB Journal” Blocking androgens in male rats increased estrogen and made them more active.
1 citations
,
January 2015 in “Elsevier eBooks” Certain pesticides and fungicides can interfere with male hormone functions, potentially causing reproductive issues in male rats.
102 citations
,
July 2020 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Hormones like testosterone and estrogen significantly affect hair growth and structure.
54 citations
,
June 2018 in “Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry” The conclusion is that supportive environments are crucial for the mental health and well-being of transgender individuals during gender transition or de-transition.
1 citations
,
March 1991 in “PubMed”
January 2024 in “Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes” A low-glycemic diet improved hormone levels and well-being in overweight women with high androgen levels.
October 2025 in “Environment International” Exposure to certain chemicals before birth and during childhood may affect puberty timing.
11 citations
,
May 2021 in “Journal of Medical Virology” Men are more likely to have severe respiratory viral infections like COVID-19 due to hormonal and genetic differences, while women generally have stronger immune responses.
June 1995 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Women with hair loss have higher androgen levels, while men with early balding have altered androgen ratios.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An ovarian tumor caused a woman's male-like symptoms, which improved after surgery.
40 citations
,
March 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Young girls whose mothers have PCOS may have higher activity of a specific enzyme that could lead to developing PCOS later.
15 citations
,
June 1986 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Androgens increase pigmentation in young hamsters, but estrogens can reverse this effect.
1 citations
,
June 2024 in “Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología Diabetes & Metabolismo” The risks of testosterone implants in women outweigh the benefits.
65 citations
,
April 2007 in “Chemistry and Physics of Lipids” Steroid hormones change the size, charge, and stability of DPPC liposomes.
April 2006 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual function, mood, and bone density in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on long-term safety.
138 citations
,
November 1974 in “Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society” Males and females differ in lifespan, growth, organ size, metabolism, and brain structure, with females generally living longer and maturing earlier.
8 citations
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February 2010 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” A new system helps better diagnose and treat female androgenization conditions like PCOS.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
January 2024 in “Cosmetics” Menopause worsens skin, hair, and nails, affecting self-esteem and quality of life.
July 2025 in “AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes” Ovarian hyperthecosis caused high testosterone and virilization symptoms in a 60-year-old woman, which improved after surgery.
Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity and outcomes.
2 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Internal Medicine” Men using steroids or finasteride to look more attractive may harm their fertility and sexual function, creating a paradox where they seem fit but may be less able to reproduce.
January 2015 in “Side effects of drugs annual” The document concludes that sex hormones and related compounds have various effects on health, with both potential benefits and risks.
22 citations
,
January 2019 in “Climacteric” Oophorectomy lowers testosterone and estrogen levels in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, with postmenopausal women still producing significant testosterone.
36 citations
,
July 1980 in “Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health” High doses of ethynylestradiol in rats caused growth issues, organ changes, and some tumors, but didn't increase overall tumor rates.
January 2010 in “Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine” Low-dose effects in rodent studies are hard to confirm due to confounding factors and control group variability.