54 citations
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November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
17 citations
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June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
83 citations
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August 2018 in “BJOG” Uterine transplants for transgender women are feasible but need more research.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.
10 citations
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August 2020 in “International Journal of Andrology” 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may not be effective or safe for transgender individuals, and more research is needed.
1 citations
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June 2008 in “The Journal of Urology” Dihydrotestosterone gel before hypospadias surgery led to less scarring but raised concerns about potential psychological effects and skin changes.
Facial hair is crucial for gender affirmation, but many face financial barriers to achieving desired results.
April 2026 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery”
July 2008 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” Men's facial rejuvenation involves unique challenges and is increasingly popular, with many opting for nonsurgical treatments.
December 2025 in “Journal of Surgery Research and Practice” Accurate positioning in female hairline transplants creates a natural, feminine look.
4 citations
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February 2008 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Hair transplant surgery successfully restored a woman's pubic hair, improving her appearance and satisfaction.
9 citations
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January 1997 in “Endocrine Journal” Gonadal biopsy is the best method to diagnose gonadal dysgenesis.
25 citations
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September 2014 in “Pharmacotherapy” Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.
Transgender patients face unique skin issues due to hormone treatments and surgeries.
26 citations
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July 2020 in “Fertility and Sterility” Male infertility and genitourinary birth defects are often linked to genetic issues.
111 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
26 citations
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September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
April 2024 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” Topical minoxidil helps transgender individuals assigned female at birth grow more facial hair.
11 citations
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May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” Progesterone may help trans women with breast development and health, but more research is needed.
2 citations
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May 2018 in “Diagnosis” A 68-year-old woman developed male traits due to a tumor in her ovary, which was removed, returning her hormone levels to normal.
More men are getting plastic surgery due to social media influence and less stigma.
April 2026 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Personalized hair loss treatments are needed for transgender individuals, but more research is required.
A 22-year-old woman with a rare genetic condition was successfully treated to develop normal female characteristics and regular menstruation.
February 2010 in “ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)” Male sexual differentiation is regulated independently, while female differentiation occurs in an androgenic environment, affecting conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 13-year-old girl's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a rare adrenal tumor that produced male hormones.
14 citations
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August 2017 in “Dermatologic surgery” Men are getting more facial fillers, and doctors should use different techniques and fillers for men's unique facial features to get natural results.
December 2021 in “Aegean journal of obstetrics and gynecology” A woman's male-like physical changes were caused by two rare ovarian conditions.
5 citations
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January 2023 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The statement offers guidance for hormone therapy and surgery to help gender-incongruent adults affirm a male identity.
37 citations
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January 2009 in “Sexual Development” Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.
6 citations
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August 2005 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” Specific techniques can make facelift results look more natural.