6 citations
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August 2009 in “Mini-reviews in Medicinal Chemistry” Different drugs can treat high male hormone levels in women, but they have various effects and some may harm a fetus.
54 citations
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November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
1 citations
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October 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” 5α-reductase deficiency can cause ambiguous genitalia and gender dysphoria, treatable with testosterone.
2 citations
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December 1994 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The treatment effectively reduced hair growth and was safe for patients with PCOS, but it needs better bleeding control.
1 citations
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September 1981 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate effectively treats virilized women, especially under 35, despite some side effects.
1 citations
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September 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Minoxidil can help transgender males grow facial hair before starting testosterone therapy.
January 2023 in “Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery” Hair transplants help transgender patients look more like their gender identity, with different procedures for trans women and men.
5 citations
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September 2022 in “Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine” Facial feminization surgery helps make facial features more feminine, improving patient satisfaction and safety.
June 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”
January 2024 in “JEADV clinical practice” Gender-affirming dermatology treatments generally improve mental well-being for transgender individuals, but more research is needed.
17 citations
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January 2004 in “European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology/European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology” Certain hormone medications can treat symptoms like acne and unwanted hair, regulate periods, and prevent pregnancy in women and teenage girls.
1 citations
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September 2023 in “AACE clinical case reports” Testosterone pellets might work for transgender men's hormone therapy, but more research is needed.
42 citations
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May 2003 in “Mini-reviews in Medicinal Chemistry” New steroidal compounds could be effective for treating conditions related to 5α-reductase enzyme activity.
1 citations
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October 2022 in “Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics” Gender-affirming therapy can cause skin issues like acne and hair loss in transgender adolescents, and more research is needed on its dermatological effects.
1 citations
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September 2016 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open” Facial Feminization Surgery is effective and safe, with minimal complications.
53 citations
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January 1986 in “Endocrinology” Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.
Hair restoration helps transgender patients achieve desired gender appearances.
November 2017 in “JAMA internal medicine” Women also use 5α-reductase inhibitors, and their effects differ from men.
38 citations
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May 1971 in “Clinical genetics” A specific metabolite, not a receptor protein, triggers the production of certain kidney enzymes, but this process is disrupted in mice with a mutation causing testicular feminization.
January 2014 in “Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)” January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy changes skin and hair in transgender patients, who need better researched dermatologic care.
1 citations
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October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Testosterone treatment may affect heart response to stress in transgender men.
4 citations
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January 1996 in “PubMed”
32 citations
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January 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.
49 citations
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October 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide effectively reduces hair growth in hirsute women at higher doses.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
February 1976 in “PubMed” Sex hormone therapy is effective for certain skin conditions like acne and seborrhea, but less so for female hair loss and excessive hair growth.
13 citations
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January 2005 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Smaller substituents at C-17 enhance the inhibitory activity of progesterone derivatives on 5alpha-reductase.
1 citations
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December 1971 in “PubMed” January 2006 in “Benzina: Revista d'excepcions culturals” Trienones are more effective at inhibiting the enzyme linked to hair loss than dienones.