57 citations
,
January 1995 in “The American journal of medicine” Oral contraceptives help treat hyperandrogenic disorders, improving symptoms like excessive hair and acne.
12 citations
,
April 2016 in “PLoS ONE” The Chi-PCOSQ is effective for assessing health-related quality of life in Chinese women with PCOS.
3 citations
,
June 2019 in “Clinical nursing studies” Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) lowers women's quality of life, especially mentally and socially, but nursing guidelines can improve their understanding of the condition.
March 2026 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Topical 3% minoxidil effectively and safely enhances facial hair in transgender men.
4 citations
,
November 2023 in “Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica” The guideline refines PCOS diagnosis, promotes a healthy lifestyle, reviews treatments, and stresses long-term follow-up.
November 2025 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Spironolactone and metformin work similarly for PCOS symptoms, but more research is needed.
105 citations
,
March 2006 in “Human reproduction” Metformin improves quality of life, emotional health, and sex life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
April 2024 in “Journal of clinical medicine” Classical PCOS types A and B are most common and linked to higher health risks.
67 citations
,
March 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Oral contraceptives and antiandrogens are effective for treating hirsutism, with antiandrogens being the most effective.
55 citations
,
May 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.
16 citations
,
April 2020 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual” Laser treatment can effectively reduce unwanted hair growth, particularly for people with fair skin and dark hair.
7 citations
,
August 2023 in “EClinicalMedicine” Anti-androgens can help manage some PCOS symptoms better than metformin but are not more effective than placebos or birth control pills for other symptoms.
4 citations
,
May 2024 in “The Lancet” Bariatric surgery improves ovulation rates in women with PCOS and obesity better than medical therapy.
3 citations
,
May 2025 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Evaluate and manage androgen excess in women with a systematic approach, considering both physical and psychological impacts.
2 citations
,
December 2024 in “Clinical Endocrinology” PCOS symptoms can improve with specific treatments for pituitary adenomas.
2 citations
,
September 2021 in “JCPSP. Journal of the College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan” Women with PCOS have thicker parafoveal areas in their retinas, but their macular blood vessel density is normal.
3 citations
,
October 2021 in “Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii” Checking the chin, thighs, upper lip, or lower abdomen is enough to predict hirsutism.
1 citations
,
January 2024 in “Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Self-assessed hirsutism scores are not reliable for clinical diagnosis but may help in screening.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences” The mFG score is effective for diagnosing hirsutism.
150 citations
,
February 2008 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Antiandrogens are somewhat effective in reducing excessive hair growth in women.
98 citations
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July 2011 in “Fertility and Sterility” An mFG score of 5 or more indicates above-normal hair growth in Southern Chinese women.
75 citations
,
July 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Taking low-dose spironolactone and metformin together works better for PCOS symptoms than either drug alone.
75 citations
,
March 1999 in “Fertility and sterility” Finasteride, CPA, and flutamide are all equally effective in reducing excessive hair growth in women.
74 citations
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December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Leuprolide plus estrogen is more effective than oral contraceptives for reducing hirsutism.
63 citations
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August 2022 in “Diagnostics” Hirsutism can occur in women with PCOS even if their androgen levels are normal, making diagnosis challenging.
56 citations
,
April 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” All three treatments reduce hirsutism, but spironolactone works best long-term.
55 citations
,
March 2000 in “American journal of clinical dermatology” Antiandrogens, particularly flutamide and CPA, are most effective for treating hirsutism, with long-term use needed for best results.
52 citations
,
January 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride and spironolactone both reduce hirsutism, but finasteride lowers androgen levels more.
50 citations
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August 1985 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Spironolactone reduces the enzyme activity that converts testosterone to DHT, helping treat excessive hair growth in women.
40 citations
,
January 2010 in “Annales D Endocrinologie” The French Endocrine Society suggests diagnosing PCOS with two of three signs, recommends lifestyle changes and clomiphene for treatment, and calls for more research on certain treatments and tests.