29 citations
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December 2003 in “Teratology” Minoxidil use during pregnancy may cause fetal harm.
18 citations
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March 2014 in “Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology” Metformin helps regulate menstrual cycles, induce ovulation, and improve pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS.
724 citations
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April 2004 in “Lancet Oncology” Chemotherapy in the first trimester of pregnancy is risky, but in the second and third trimesters, it's generally safe with careful drug selection and timing.
March 2024 in “Journal of Animal Reproduciton and Biotechnology” A rare fetal malformation caused difficult birth in a goat, requiring surgery.
1 citations
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September 2015 in “Pathology - Research and Practice” Stress during pregnancy can thin fetal skin.
May 2025 in “Birth Defects Research” YWS1903 is safe for pregnant rats at moderate doses but causes fetal issues at high doses.
3 citations
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August 2000 in “Anatomia Histologia Embryologia” Prenatal retinoic acid exposure did not affect mouse vibrissal follicle development.
159 citations
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March 2014 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Some skin medications are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but others can harm the baby and should be avoided.
69 citations
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September 1991 in “Journal of Surgical Research” Understanding how fetal wounds heal could help improve healing in adults.
171 citations
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October 1990 in “Alcoholism/Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research” The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.
49 citations
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March 2018 in “Toxicological sciences” Low doses of mixed chemicals cause permanent reproductive malformations in male rats.
2 citations
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December 2008 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” A small forehead lesion led to the discovery of a significant brain arteriovenous malformation in a young girl.
1 citations
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February 2017 in “International journal of anatomy and research” Understanding fetal skin development helps diagnose congenital skin diseases.
118 citations
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May 2003 in “Toxicological Sciences” Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.
4 citations
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March 2002 in “International journal of toxicology” LAAM caused developmental toxicity in tolerant rats without causing birth defects.
40 citations
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September 2019 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Group a wide range of chemicals, not just phthalates, for assessing risks to male reproductive health.
March 2024 in “Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR” Onyx® embolization effectively treats facial arteriovenous malformations with minimal complications.
January 2020 in “Research Portal Denmark” A short male anogenital distance may indicate incomplete masculinization due to disrupted androgen action.
53 citations
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October 1993 in “Drug Safety” Oral retinoids can cause side effects ranging from mild to severe, including birth defects, and require careful monitoring and contraception.
March 2024 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” A new MTX2 gene mutation caused a severe genetic disorder in a young Chinese girl.
Finasteride causes reproductive malformations in male rats.
August 2025 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” Stopping and restarting JAK inhibitors during pregnancy in women with alopecia areata leads to hair loss and regrowth, with most pregnancies resulting in healthy babies.
July 2008 in “Planta Medica” Acanthus montanus extract harms fetal development and causes infertility in offspring.
36 citations
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September 2015 in “Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases” Revertant cell therapy could be a future treatment for Ichthyosis with confetti.
19 citations
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March 2021 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine” Isotretinoin can cause serious birth defects and needs careful use, especially in pregnant women.
34 citations
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June 2014 in “The BMJ” Pregnancy can change skin disease severity, with some conditions improving and others worsening, and treatment should balance benefits and fetal safety.
22 citations
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September 2014 in “JAMA dermatology” Ichthyosis with confetti is a genetic skin disorder with consistent ectodermal malformations and various KRT10 gene mutations.
54 citations
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April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
11 citations
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March 2020 in “American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A” A mutation in the EDNRA gene causes Oro-Oto-Cardiac syndrome, affecting face and heart development.
4 citations
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September 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Use some skin medications with caution during pregnancy; avoid strong steroids, certain eczema treatments, and systemic retinoids, but many topical treatments and nasal sprays are safe.