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GlossaryFollicular Keratinization

process where hair follicle cells produce and harden keratin

Follicular keratinization is the process by which cells in the hair follicle produce keratin, a protein that forms the structure of hair. This process involves the hardening and flattening of these cells as they move up the follicle, eventually forming the hair shaft. Proper keratinization is essential for healthy hair growth, while abnormalities in this process can lead to hair disorders.

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research Hair sheath keratins in follicular tumors. (5). Identification of hair sheath keratins in keratoacanthoma; Histopathological hair sheath structures in the tumor and their significance as differential histopathological criteria from squamous cell carcinoma.

January 1990 in “The Nishinihon Journal of Dermatology”

Follicular structures help differentiate keratoacanthoma from squamous cell carcinoma.

research Induction of Hair Keratins Expression by an Annurca Apple-Based Nutraceutical Formulation in Human Follicular Cells

13 citations , December 2019 in “Nutrients”

An apple-based supplement was found to stimulate hair protein production, which may help with hair growth.

research Angora Mouse Mutation: Altered Hair Cycle, Follicular Dystrophy, Phenotypic Maintenance of Skin Grafts, and Changes in Keratin Expression

69 citations , May 1997 in “Veterinary Pathology”

The angora mouse mutation causes long hair and hair defects due to a gene deletion.

research Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide improves hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia mice and is associated with coordinated changes in local steroid metabolism, ESR1 activation, and keratin-related follicular responses

May 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide helps hair regrowth in hair loss mice by affecting local steroid metabolism and hair follicle responses.

research Severe follicular hyperplasia and spontaneous papilloma formation in transgenic mice expressing theneu oncogene under the control of the bovine keratin 5 promoter

47 citations , January 1998 in “Molecular Carcinogenesis”

ErbB2 signaling is crucial for skin cell growth and cancer development in mice.

research Expression of type I hair keratins in follicular tumours

26 citations , May 2001 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Pilomatrixomas likely originate from the hair matrix due to changes in hair keratin expression.

research Keratin Microspheres as Promising Tool for Targeting Follicular Growth

February 2024 in “ACS applied bio materials”

Keratin microspheres might help hair grow.

Topical Application of Anti-Cancer Drug Bortezomib Stimulates Proliferation of Follicular Cells and Induces Expression of Hair Keratins via GATA-3 Transcription Factor

research 440 Topical application of anti-cancer drug Bortezomib stimulates proliferation of follicular cells and induces expression of hair keratins via GATA-3 transcription factor

April 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Applying the anti-cancer drug Bortezomib to skin can promote hair growth and increase hair proteins through the GATA-3 factor.

research In Vitro Biosynthesis of Mouse Hair Keratins Under the Direction of Follicular RNA

12 citations , September 1982 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Biochemical examination of fetal skin biopsy specimens obtained by fetoscopy: Use of the method for analysis of keratins and filaggrin

7 citations , January 1986 in “Prenatal Diagnosis”

Fetal skin biopsy can help diagnose protein-related disorders before birth.

research Keratinocyte differentiation in psoriatic scalp: morphology and expression of epithelial keratins

63 citations , July 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Psoriasis causes changes in certain keratins and shrinks sebaceous glands in the scalp.

research Monilethrix: a keratin hHb6 mutation is co‐dominant with variable expression

26 citations , October 1998 in “Experimental Dermatology”

A keratin hHb6 mutation causes a hair disorder with varying severity, influenced by other factors.

research Mapping of monilethrix to the type II keratin gene cluster at chromosome 12q13 in three new families, including one with variable expressivity

21 citations , September 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Monilethrix is linked to the type II keratin gene on chromosome 12q13.

research Pilomatricoma can differentiate not only towards hair matrix and hair cortex, but also follicular infundibulum, outer root sheath and hair bulge

18 citations , March 2009 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Pilomatricoma can develop into various hair-related structures.

research Epithelial keratin and filaggrin expression in seborrheic keratosis: evaluation based on histopathological classification

12 citations , June 2013 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Seborrheic keratosis shows varied cell differentiation, and keratin analysis helps diagnose skin tumors.

Dermoscopy of Infundibular Keratinising Acanthomas and Follicular Cysts: Description, Assessment, and Histopathological Correlation

research Dermoscopic features of infundibular keratinising acanthomas and follicular cysts: Description, assessment and histopathological correlation

April 2025 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

Dermoscopy is useful for identifying skin lesions in dogs, with specific features distinguishing infundibular keratinising acanthomas from follicular cysts.

research Keratin 17 null mice exhibit age- and strain-dependent alopecia

122 citations , June 2002 in “Genes & Development”

Keratin 17 is crucial for early hair strength and cell survival.

research Monilethrix: A Novel Mutation (Glu402Lys) in the Helix Termination Motif and the First Causative Mutation (Asn114Asp) in the Helix Initiation Motif of the Type II Hair Keratin hHb6

29 citations , August 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

New mutations in hair keratin genes cause the rare hair disorder monilethrix.

research Hair Loss Caused by Gain-of-Function Mutant TRPV3 Is Associated with Premature Differentiation of Follicular Keratinocytes

11 citations , March 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A gene mutation causes early keratinocyte maturation leading to hair loss in Olmsted syndrome.

research Follicular Hybrid Cyst With Isthmic-Catagen, Pilomatrical, and Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum Components

2 citations , June 2012 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology”

A rare neck cyst in a 47-year-old man showed diverse skin cell types and was not linked to HPV.

research Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid Filler Restores Hair Thickness and Shine by Ameliorating Age-Associated Follicular Decline

February 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

PDLLA filler can improve hair thickness and shine by reducing age-related hair decline.

research P28 Traumatic anserine folliculosis: a cause of facial follicular papules

August 2023 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Rubbing or pressing on the face can cause small bumps, and changing posture along with certain creams can improve them.

research Delayed Wound Healing in Keratin 6a Knockout Mice

149 citations , July 2000 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology”

Keratin 6a is important for quick wound healing from hair follicles.

research An immunohistochemical study of the apocrine type of cutaneous mixed tumors with special reference to their follicular and sebaceous differentiation

54 citations , May 1999 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology”

Apocrine type cutaneous mixed tumors often resemble hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and apocrine glands.

research Investigation of differences in follicular penetration of particle-and nonparticle-containing emulsions by laser scanning microscopy

46 citations , May 2006 in “Laser Physics”

Particles similar in size to hair cells penetrate hair follicles better.

research Follicular ichthyosis

17 citations , July 1984 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

The four patients have a unique type of ichthyosis affecting hair follicles.

research Preliminary findings suggest hidradenitis suppurativa may be due to defective follicular support

6 citations , April 2013 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Hidradenitis suppurativa is likely caused by blocked hair follicles, not apocrine glands.

research Ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia syndrome with coexisting palmoplantar keratoderma treated with acitretin

1 citations , November 2022 in “International journal of trichology”

A girl with a rare skin condition improved after one month of treatment with acitretin.

research Case of follicular mucinosis: Nestin‐expression in mucin‐producing cells

1 citations , July 2009 in “Journal of dermatology”

A 29-year-old man had a jaw plaque diagnosed as follicular mucinosis, linked to nestin-positive hair follicle stem cells.

research Follicular Psoriasis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

January 2024 in “Skin appendage disorders”

A man with follicular psoriasis got better after treatment with skin cream and allergy pills.