34 citations
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April 2009 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Minoxidil affects cell growth in two ways: low doses increase growth, while high doses slow it down and can be toxic.
233 citations
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October 2004 in “Differentiation” Stem cells are in deep skin layers, while differentiating cells are in shallow layers.
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June 2013 in “PLOS ONE” Engineered skin substitutes can grow hair but have limitations like missing sebaceous glands and hair not breaking through the skin naturally.
185 citations
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June 2011 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology” Skin cells produce and activate vitamin D, which regulates skin functions and supports hair growth.
56 citations
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March 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 17β-estradiol can reduce inflammation in the skin.
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March 2011 in “Nature Communications” Cells from a skin condition can create new hair follicles and similar growths in mice, and a specific treatment can reduce these effects.
January 2018 in “Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University)” EpiLife® media and younger donor age improve artificial skin model quality.
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February 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Interleukin-1 increases keratin K6 production in skin cells.
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August 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 15 are key markers for monitoring the quality and self-renewing potential of engineered skin.
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February 1996 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” The TGM3 gene's promoter region is key for skin and hair cell function and may aid gene therapy.
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September 2013 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Keratin 15 is not a reliable sole marker for identifying epidermal stem cells because it's found in various cell types.
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November 2004 in “Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore” Hair follicle stem cells are mainly in the bulge region and can help repair skin and form hair and glands, but more research is needed to fully understand them.
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August 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology” Engineered skin can grow chimeric hair follicles only with mouse dermal papilla cells.
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March 2017 in “Endocrinology” Removing vitamin D and calcium receptors in mice skin cells slows down skin wound healing.
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November 1987 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” The model successfully grew and differentiated hair follicle cells in the lab.
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June 2019 in “Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine” Scientists successfully grew new hair follicles in regenerated mouse skin using mouse and human cells.
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May 2017 in “Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapeutics” Pluripotent stem cells show promise for treating skin color loss disorders like vitiligo.
December 2025 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin 15 helps maintain skin cell growth and repair.
June 2023 in “Medical records-international medical journal” Decreased IGF-1R expression may contribute to sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus development.
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November 2005 in “Endocrinology” Hairless protein can block vitamin D activation in skin cells.
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February 2017 in “Journal of radiation research” High-dose radiation speeds up aging in skin stem cells.
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March 2012 in “Science Translational Medicine” PGD2 stops hair growth and is higher in bald men with AGA.
150 citations
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August 1992 in “Genes & Development” TNF alpha in skin cells causes weight loss, hair and fat issues, and skin inflammation in mice.
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April 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The enzyme 25 Hydroxyvitamin D 1 α-Hydroxylase is essential for healthy skin and recovery after skin damage.
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July 2016 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.
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August 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” μ-opiate receptors in skin cells may affect skin health and healing.
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February 2014 in “EMBO molecular medicine” Activating Nrf2 in skin cells causes skin disease similar to chloracne in mice.
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June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
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April 2021 in “Cell Host & Microbe” Skin bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, help in wound healing and hair growth by using IL-1β signaling. Using antibiotics on skin wounds can slow down this natural healing process.
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June 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology” Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.