198 citations
,
July 2011 in “Cochrane library” Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
118 citations
,
February 2009 in “Fertility and Sterility” Most women with PCOS have high levels of male hormones, and free testosterone is the best marker for this.
84 citations
,
November 2003 in “European journal of endocrinology” Women with androgenic alopecia are more likely to have polycystic ovaries and higher androgen levels, which may indicate PCOS.
77 citations
,
June 2006 in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The document concludes that accurate measurement of serum androgens is crucial for diagnosing hyperandrogenism.
77 citations
,
March 2004 in “Human Reproduction” Women with irregular periods and/or excessive body hair are more likely to have polycystic ovaries, and this condition is linked to higher health risks.
66 citations
,
November 2001 in “European journal of endocrinology” Low SHBG and high FAI, FT, and DHEAS levels are effective in identifying PCOS.
54 citations
,
November 2017 in “Scientific Reports” The study found that certain microRNAs are higher in the cells and lower in the fluid of women with a specific type of polycystic ovary syndrome, and one microRNA could potentially help diagnose the condition.
42 citations
,
September 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The research found that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has two distinct types, with one having more severe hormone and insulin issues.
33 citations
,
January 2018 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Metformin improves menstrual cycles and hormone levels in women with PCOS, mostly within the first 6 months.
28 citations
,
April 2014 in “Hormones” Higher androstenedione levels in women with PCOS are linked to more severe symptoms.
24 citations
,
April 2021 in “BMC women's health” High BMI worsens hair growth in women with PCOS.
20 citations
,
September 2023 in “Nutrients” A very-low-calorie diet led to more weight loss and health improvements in obese women with PCOS than a moderate energy deficit diet.
18 citations
,
May 1992 in “American Journal of Biological Anthropology” Higher androgen levels do not cause baldness in men.
16 citations
,
February 2018 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Diagnosing hyperandrogenism in women is complex and requires accurate testing methods and consideration of SHBG levels.
15 citations
,
October 2011 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Obesity changes androgen levels in women with PCOS, leading to higher testosterone relative to androstenedione.
14 citations
,
September 2007 in “Steroids” The study concluded that androstendione and DHEA are important for diagnosing high male hormone levels in women with excessive hair growth.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Physiological Research” Overweight women with PCOS have higher levels of certain hormones that could indicate a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.
9 citations
,
January 2022 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” High levels of male hormones and irregular periods best predict how well PCOS patients will respond to metformin treatment.
7 citations
,
October 2020 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Women with PCOS are at high risk of glucose metabolism issues and heart diseases, especially if overweight, highlighting the need for early intervention.
6 citations
,
July 2016 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” PSA levels are higher in women with PCOS, but FAI is a more accurate marker for diagnosis.
3 citations
,
May 2023 in “Biomedicines” PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.
2 citations
,
November 2025 in “Nutrition Journal” Probiotic supplements may help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in women with PCOS.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “BMC endocrine disorders” The link between physical signs of high male hormones and hormone levels in women with PCOS changes with age.
2 citations
,
April 2019 in “Медицинский совет” Combined oral contraceptives improve skin, hormone levels, and quality of life in women with PCOS.
2 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of Steroids & Hormonal Science” Women with PCOS and polycystic ovaries have higher male hormone levels and more insulin resistance, especially if they are overweight.
2 citations
,
January 2005 in “PubMed” Women with excessive body hair often have higher male hormones and related health issues.
1 citations
,
January 2023 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” High DHEA and short cervical length in women with PCOS and recurrent miscarriages may harm pregnancy outcomes.
January 2023 in “International Journal of Clinical and Medical Education Research” Correct testosterone levels for age to treat prostate cancer, using low dose treatments as necessary.
August 2023 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Metformin lowers prolactin in women without PCOS but not in those with PCOS, where it reduces other hormones instead.
December 2022 in “The Indian journal of chest diseases & allied sciences” Women with PCOS often have sleep problems, including sleep apnea, which are linked to obesity and depression.