August 2023 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Metformin lowers prolactin in women without PCOS but not in those with PCOS, where it reduces other hormones instead.
November 2011 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Oral contraceptives can help manage acne by reducing androgen levels.
179 citations
,
May 1982 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” High levels of 3 alpha-diol glucuronide in the blood are a marker of increased androgen action in women with excessive hair growth of unknown cause.
72 citations
,
November 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.
65 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dexamethasone may influence hair growth by altering estrogen receptor activity in hair cells.
59 citations
,
August 2004 in “Human Reproduction Update” Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.
44 citations
,
October 2019 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Melatonin, usually known for sleep regulation, also has antioxidant properties that can protect skin, stimulate hair growth, and improve skin conditions, with topical application being more effective than oral use.
39 citations
,
November 1978 in “Annals of internal medicine” Spironolactone may help reduce excessive hair growth in women with high male hormone levels.
28 citations
,
January 2009 in “Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters” DHT deficiency increases iNOS expression in rat testis and epididymis.
24 citations
,
April 2021 in “BMC women's health” High BMI worsens hair growth in women with PCOS.
20 citations
,
September 2023 in “Nutrients” A very-low-calorie diet led to more weight loss and health improvements in obese women with PCOS than a moderate energy deficit diet.
15 citations
,
October 2003 in “Annals of Oncology” Hair loss can occur as a side effect of certain breast cancer treatments, but minoxidil can help regrow hair.
12 citations
,
October 2018 in “Aging male/The aging male” Higher BMI and lower testosterone are linked to more aggressive prostate cancer.
11 citations
,
April 2018 in “Epilepsy research” Letrozole reduces seizures but not brain damage in mice.
9 citations
,
January 2022 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” High levels of male hormones and irregular periods best predict how well PCOS patients will respond to metformin treatment.
7 citations
,
May 2014 in “Iranian Red Crescent medical journal” Laser hair removal is effective for hirsutism when combined with treatment for the underlying causes.
6 citations
,
August 2023 in “European journal of endocrinology” The 2023 guideline advises a detailed approach for PCOS, focusing on early detection, lifestyle and medical treatments, and managing health risks.
6 citations
,
January 1984 in “PubMed” Spironolactone treatment reduced hair growth and androgen levels in hirsute women, but the overall effectiveness was just adequate.
5 citations
,
February 2019 in “Neuroscience letters” Hormones during puberty increase certain receptors in the brain, and this change is influenced by estrogen levels.
4 citations
,
March 2018 in “Systems biology in reproductive medicine” Men born very underweight had higher estrogen levels but normal reproduction compared to normal birth weight men.
3 citations
,
May 2023 in “Biomedicines” PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.
3 citations
,
January 1985 in “PubMed” Hormonal birth control can cause skin issues, but low-dose options and those with antiandrogens may reduce these effects.
2 citations
,
April 2023 in “BMC endocrine disorders” The link between physical signs of high male hormones and hormone levels in women with PCOS changes with age.
2 citations
,
September 2020 Long-term high testosterone levels can improve bone density and reduce body fat but may increase the risk of prostate cancer and high blood pressure.
2 citations
,
January 1986 in “PubMed” Spironolactone improved symptoms in women with hormonal imbalances and had few side effects.
1 citations
,
January 2023 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Minoxidil can cause a skin reaction called ALEP.
1 citations
,
January 2022 in “IntechOpen eBooks” Different PCOS types respond uniquely to infertility treatments, with some having lower pregnancy rates and higher risks of complications.
1 citations
,
December 2018 in “Veterinary dermatology” The hair coat disorder in Schipperkes is similar to Alopecia X and involves increased androstenedione levels and hair cycle arrest.
1 citations
,
February 2017 in “Journal of gynecology and womens health” The document concluded that more research is needed to understand how estrogen affects the enzyme involved in hirsutism development.
January 2025 in “Human Reproduction Open” 25% of premenopausal women with Type 1 diabetes have undiagnosed androgen excess disorders.