14 citations
,
March 2023 in “Scientific Reports” Oxidative stress, not insulin resistance, is significantly related to free androgen index in PCOS.
56 citations
,
October 1983 in “Archives of Dermatology” Some women with acne have higher levels of free testosterone, which might suggest using hormonal treatments for acne.
43 citations
,
January 2007 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Finasteride improves acne and hair loss in women with normal testosterone.
124 citations
,
March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
May 2025 in “Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research” The Free Androgen Index is important for diagnosing PCOS due to its strong link with symptoms and risk factors.
April 2022 in “International journal of respiratory and pulmonary medicine” People with lower levels of free testosterone tend to have worse COVID-19 outcomes.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Free fatty acids may increase androgen production, potentially contributing to polycystic ovary syndrome.
104 citations
,
March 2014 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” DHT may increase the risk of heart disease and death in elderly men.
64 citations
,
August 1999 in “The American journal of medicine” The transscrotal testosterone patch normalizes hormone levels in men with AIDS and weight loss but does not improve weight, body mass, or quality of life.
18 citations
,
May 2014 in “Menopause” A 5 mg dose of transdermal testosterone cream effectively restores testosterone levels in postmenopausal women.
17 citations
,
February 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Testosterone replacement therapy should be used for men with low testosterone levels and symptoms of hypogonadism, after careful diagnosis and considering individual needs.
7 citations
,
August 2019 in “Endokrynologia Polska” The free androgen index varies among women with different types of PCOS.
7 citations
,
May 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology” The new oral testosterone pill normalized testosterone levels and lowered SHBG in men with low testosterone.
6 citations
,
November 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Measuring plasma testosterone glucosiduronate is a reliable way to detect high male hormone levels in women.
March 2024 in “BMC women's health” The levonorgestrel implant increases free testosterone and lowers SHBG more than DMPA-IM and the copper IUD.
10 citations
,
July 2022 in “Journal of the Turkish-German Gynecological Association” Vitamins B3, B6, C, and iron intake affect hormone levels in women with certain types of PCOS.
5 citations
,
October 2018 in “Medical Science Monitor” Women with PCOS have lower amylin levels, which are not related to their body weight.
December 2025 in “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology” Agomelatine may help reduce benign prostatic hyperplasia by blocking certain inflammatory pathways.
71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
92 citations
,
November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
January 1986 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Women with severe acne, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia often have higher levels of certain androgens, but the specific pattern can't be predicted just by looking at symptoms.
January 2022 in “Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences” Women with PCOS risk had normal height and blood tests but higher weight and common acne or hirsutism.
61 citations
,
February 2001 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology” Metabolic syndrome and PCOS are related but separate conditions, with metabolic syndrome increasing the risk of heart disease and diabetes.
49 citations
,
September 1986 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hidradenitis suppurativa improves with antiandrogen therapy.
45 citations
,
February 2012 Obese women with PCOS are more likely to have fatty liver disease.
44 citations
,
January 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Longer CAG repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene are linked to higher testosterone levels in women with PCOS.
16 citations
,
December 2010 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology” Normal levels for certain hormones in Chinese women of reproductive age were identified.
14 citations
,
February 2016 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” Blood tests are needed to confirm high male hormone levels in women with PCOS, as physical signs alone are not reliable.
7 citations
,
January 2016 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Simvastatin may help manage symptoms in women with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia by lowering cholesterol and certain hormone levels.
2 citations
,
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Women with PCOS and higher BMI, especially those with morbid obesity, are at greater risk for depression.