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GlossaryGABAA Receptors

ion channels in the brain that reduce neuronal excitability

GABAA receptors, also known as Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A receptors, are a class of receptors in the brain that respond to the neurotransmitter GABA, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. These receptors are ion channels that, when activated, allow chloride ions to enter the neuron, making it less likely to fire and thus reducing neuronal excitability. This mechanism is crucial for regulating brain activity and is a target for various medications, including sedatives, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants.

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Progesterone-Independent Neurosteroid Regulation of Alpha2-GABA-A Receptors in the Hippocampus Subfields

research PR-independent neurosteroid regulation of α2-GABA-A receptors in the hippocampus subfields

14 citations , March 2017 in “Brain research”

Progesterone and its byproducts control a specific receptor in the brain independently of progesterone receptors, affecting conditions related to the menstrual cycle.

research Effect of Neurosteroid Withdrawal on Hippocampal GABA‐A Receptor α4‐Subunit Expression in Female Mice

March 2008 in “The FASEB Journal”

Neurosteroid withdrawal increases α4 subunit expression in the hippocampus, which may relate to catamenial epilepsy in women.

research Ovarian Cycle‐Related Neurosteroid Regulation of GABA‐A Receptor Subunit Plasticity in the Hippocampus Subfields

1 citations , April 2011 in “The FASEB Journal”

Progesterone-derived neurosteroids affect GABA-A receptor expression, influencing epilepsy during menstrual cycles.

research Catamenial-like seizure exacerbation in mice with targeted ablation of extrasynaptic δGABA-a receptors in the brain

12 citations , February 2017 in “Journal of neuroscience research”

Removing certain brain receptors in mice worsens seizure severity and response to treatment during hormone withdrawal.

Realizing the Therapeutic Potential of Neuroactive Steroid Modulators of the GABAA Receptor

research Realising the therapeutic potential of neuroactive steroid modulators of the GABAA receptor

40 citations , December 2019 in “Neurobiology of Stress”

Neuroactive steroids show promise for treating mental and neurological disorders by targeting GABA_A receptors.

research Effects of Subchronic Finasteride Treatment and Withdrawal on Neuroactive Steroid Levels and Their Receptors in the Male Rat Brain

33 citations , December 2015 in “Neuroendocrinology”

Finasteride treatment changes brain steroid levels and receptors, affecting brain function even after stopping treatment.

research Aqueous extract of Asiasari radix inhibits formalin-induced hyperalgesia via NMDA receptors

17 citations , February 2009 in “Journal of Ethnopharmacology”

Asiasari radix extract may relieve certain types of pain by affecting GABA and NMDA receptors.

research Allopregnanolone is required for prepulse inhibition deficits induced by D1 dopamine receptor activation

12 citations , June 2019 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology”

Allopregnanolone is needed for certain brain processing issues caused by D1 dopamine receptor activation.

research Social isolation alters GABAA receptors plasticity and function: effect of voluntary consumption of ethanol

April 2008 in “Annals of General Psychiatry”

Social isolation changes brain receptors and makes ethanol more impactful.

Joint Public Review: Touch Receptor End-Organ Innervation and Function Require Sensory Neuron Expression of the Transcription Factor Meis2

research Joint Public Review: Touch receptor end-organ innervation and function require sensory neuron expression of the transcription factor Meis2

February 2024

Meis2 is essential for touch sensation and nerve function in mice.

research Changes in expression of the δ subunit of the GABA_Areceptor and in receptor function induced by progesterone exposure and withdrawal

25 citations , July 2006 in “Journal of Neurochemistry”

Progesterone affects GABA_A receptor function by altering δ subunit levels.

research Neurosteroid Synthesis-Mediated Regulation of GABA_AReceptors: Relevance to the Ovarian Cycle and Stress

238 citations , February 2007 in “Journal of Neuroscience”

Ovarian and stress hormones can change GABA A receptors through neurosteroids.

Production of 5α-Reduced Neurosteroids Is Developmentally Regulated and Shapes GABA A Miniature IPSCs in Lamina II of the Spinal Cord

research Production of 5α-Reduced Neurosteroids Is Developmentally Regulated and Shapes GABA_AMiniature IPSCs in Lamina II of the Spinal Cord

88 citations , January 2004 in “Journal of Neuroscience”

Neurosteroids regulate synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord and may help manage spinal pain.

research Neurosteroids, neuroactive steroids, and symptoms of affective disorders

82 citations , August 2006 in “Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior”

Certain steroids in the brain affect mood and symptoms of depression, and treatments targeting these steroids show promise for improving these symptoms.

research Progesterone, neurosteroids, and the hormonal basis of catamenial epilepsy

30 citations , February 2003 in “Annals of Neurology”

Progesterone and related compounds may help control seizures linked to the menstrual cycle but have limitations that need addressing.

research The neurosteroid environment in the hippocampus exerts bi-directional effects on seizure susceptibility in mice

21 citations , September 2008 in “Brain Research”

Neurosteroids in the brain can increase or decrease seizure risk in mice.

research Relating neurosteroid modulation of inhibitory neurotransmission to behaviour

18 citations , September 2021 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology”

Neurosteroids can influence behavior by modulating brain inhibition, with potential for treating psychiatric disorders.

Brain Allopregnanolone Induces Marked Scratching Behavior in Diet-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model

research Brain allopregnanolone induces marked scratching behaviour in diet-induced atopic dermatitis mouse model

6 citations , February 2019 in “Scientific reports”

A brain-produced steroid causes increased scratching in mice with a skin condition similar to eczema.

research Implications of neuroimaging for the treatment of epilepsy

2 citations , February 2003 in “Annals of Neurology”

Neuroimaging suggests that treatments targeting brain steroids could help control epilepsy, especially types linked to the menstrual cycle.

research Synthesis and Actions of 5α-Reduced Metabolites of Testosterone in the Nervous System

1 citations , December 2021 in “Androgens”

Testosterone and its metabolites affect brain functions and could help treat neurological disorders.

research Lactium: A Novel Drug for Psychocutaneous Skin Disorders

September 2021 in “Journal of skin and stem cell”

Lactium, a milk protein, can help reduce symptoms of skin disorders linked to stress and anxiety without side effects.

research Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic neuropathy may be involved in the development of neuropathic pain via a reduction in neurosteroid synthesis

4 citations , April 2017 in “F1000Research”

Mitochondrial problems in diabetic nerve damage might cause pain by lowering the production of certain nerve-related steroids.

research Neurosteroids as Endogenous Regulators of Seizure Susceptibility

September 2002 in “Epiliepsy currents/Epilepsy currents”

Stress increases neurosteroids that help prevent seizures.

research Social isolation‐induced increase in α₄and δ subunit gene expression is associated with a greater efficacy of ethanol on steroidogenesis and GABA_Areceptor function

60 citations , May 2006 in “Journal of Neurochemistry”

Social isolation makes rats more sensitive to alcohol's effects on the brain.

research Roles of Type 10 17beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Intracrinology and Metabolism of Isoleucine and Fatty Acids

26 citations , March 2006 in “Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders. Drug targets”

This enzyme helps metabolize fatty acids and isoleucine, and could be key in treating neurological diseases and certain cancers.

research Neuroactive Steroids: Functions, Mechanisms of Action and Physiologic Relevance

November 2003 in “Journal of Neurochemistry”

Allopregnanolone may enhance alcohol's effects on dopamine neurons, influencing addiction risk.

research Stress-Induced Deoxycorticosterone-Derived Neurosteroids Modulate GABA_AReceptor Function and Seizure Susceptibility

269 citations , May 2002 in “Journal of Neuroscience”

Stress increases neurosteroids that help prevent seizures.

research Neurosteroidogenesis Is Required for the Physiological Response to Stress: Role of Neurosteroid-Sensitive GABA_AReceptors

248 citations , December 2011 in “Journal of Neuroscience”

Neurosteroids are crucial for stress response, and targeting specific receptors may help treat certain disorders.

Antidepressant-Like Effect of Fluoxetine May Depend on Translocator Protein Activity and Pretest Session Duration in Forced Swimming Test in Mice

research Antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine may depend on translocator protein activity and pretest session duration in forced swimming test in mice

7 citations , October 2017 in “Behavioural Pharmacology”

Fluoxetine's effectiveness as an antidepressant in mice depends on a specific protein activity and a 5-minute pretest.

research Mechanism of progesterone neuroprotection of rat cerebellar Purkinje cells following oxygen–glucose deprivation

83 citations , November 2006 in “European Journal of Neuroscience”

Progesterone protects rat brain cells by enhancing GABA A receptor activity.