1231 citations
,
May 2001 in “Hypertension” Men generally have higher blood pressure than premenopausal women, but postmenopausal women's blood pressure can surpass men's, and hormone therapy doesn't significantly help.
205 citations
,
July 2009 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Male and female skin differ in many ways, which could lead to gender-specific skin treatments.
30 citations
,
July 2023 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” Understanding sex and gender differences can improve personalized dermatology care.
27 citations
,
February 2020 in “Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research” Women generally handle heart enlargement better than men, but it's riskier for them if it occurs; hormones like estrogen offer some protection.
25 citations
,
June 2023 in “Biomedicines” Men generally face more severe COVID-19 outcomes than women, partly due to hormonal differences.
11 citations
,
January 2019 in “Sexual Medicine” Younger transgender women have surgery earlier, are mostly attracted to men, and show more preoperative depression that improves after surgery compared to older transgender women.
11 citations
,
November 2015 in “Skin Research and Technology” Women's hair grows faster and thicker than men's, but hair growth slows for both genders with pattern hair loss.
8 citations
,
November 2023 in “Social Science & Medicine” Gendered social factors, not just biology, contribute to sex differences in adverse drug events.
8 citations
,
June 2017 in “JAMA Dermatology” Women pay more for the same 5% minoxidil foam than men, but prices for liquid solutions are similar.
8 citations
,
June 2014 in “PubMed” Men are more likely to have larger basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, while women have more superficial basal cell carcinomas and tumors on their legs and central face.
7 citations
,
January 2018 in “International Journal of Dermatology” AGA risk factors include age, smoking, hypertension for men, and age, dyslipidemia for women; lifestyle changes may help prevention.
5 citations
,
September 2021 in “Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine” The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.
4 citations
,
July 2021 in “International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health” Women who lost hair from childhood head radiation are more likely to face mental health issues than men.
4 citations
,
June 2018 in “PLOS ONE” Iron levels are linked to insulin resistance in men and postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “Biology of Sex Differences” Gender and social factors, not just biology, affect COVID-19 death rates.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “PubMed” Gender affects wool traits in sheep, with males and females showing differences in skin proteins related to wool growth.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Men and women in Shanghai have different scalp aging and visual attention patterns.
January 2026 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Female-marketed minoxidil foam is more expensive than male-marketed, but generic and bulk options can reduce this gap.
November 2024 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” Start low-dose minoxidil gradually, especially for women, to reduce side effects.
The US Military supports transgender health care, but many needed skin procedures aren't covered by insurance.
October 2023 in “Paediatrics & child health” The document advises health care providers on how to support transgender and gender-diverse youth with appropriate care and referrals.
April 2018 in “Routledge eBooks” Gender identity can be more diverse than just male or female.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” Gender affects hair and scalp characteristics, with differences in hormone responses, graying patterns, and trace metals.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” Men and women need different facial rejuvenation treatments due to distinct aging processes and anatomical differences.
September 2014 in “Springer eBooks” Men and women experience skin aging differently due to changes in sex hormone levels with age.
2295 citations
,
August 2012 in “The international journal of transgenderism/International journal of transgenderism” The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.
2170 citations
,
September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for safe and effective hormone treatment in gender-dysphoric individuals, with specific guidelines for adolescents and adults.
168 citations
,
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Male and female mice have different skin thickness, and hormones affect their skin and hair growth differently.
152 citations
,
December 2007 in “Gender Medicine” Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.
131 citations
,
September 2010 in “The Laryngoscope” Forehead modification greatly increases the perception of femininity and is a safe procedure.