46 citations
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October 2012 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Genetic defects in androgen production are linked to male developmental disorders and are improving treatment understanding.
13 citations
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June 2006 in “Fertility and Sterility” Nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency is a common, treatable genetic disorder causing reversible symptoms like acne and hair loss.
6 citations
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March 2009 in “Annals of Saudi Medicine” Finasteride use during early pregnancy may cause limb deformities in babies.
15 citations
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March 1997 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Finasteride shows promise for treating hair loss and excessive hair growth, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety.
Finasteride causes reproductive malformations in male rats.
51 citations
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August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
7 citations
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June 2006 in “Pediatrics in Review” Most genital symptoms in prepubertal girls are normal or nontraumatic, not signs of abuse.
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
January 2018 in “Georg Thieme Verlag eBooks” Gender affirmation surgery improves personal appearance and self-esteem.
1 citations
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August 2021 in “Pediatrics in review” A 10-year-old girl had genital pain from a small, red, crusty mass on her labia.
September 2020 in “Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing” A 10-year-old boy with abnormal genital development had surgery and tests to find the cause and plan treatment.
111 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
5 citations
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February 2020 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” Recurrent vaginal bleeding in young girls without puberty signs may require a genital exam to find hidden causes.
January 2011 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Two patients had a rare combination of red skin spots and white scaly skin lesions not on the genitals.
1 citations
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November 2014 The document explains hair and nail biology, common hair loss conditions and treatments, oral and genital skin diseases, and the risks and treatments associated with squamous cell carcinoma.
19 citations
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August 2018 in “Clinics in plastic surgery” The conclusion is that certain surgeries can help people with gender dysphoria look more like their true gender and feel better.
6 citations
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September 2020 in “Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences” Vaginal surgeries generally did not significantly change women's sexual quality of life.
297 citations
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December 2005 in “Journal of controlled release” P-SLN nanoparticles effectively deliver podophyllotoxin to the skin.
January 2019 in “The Annals of Thoracic Surgery” The document concludes that careful planning and execution of facial gender affirmation surgery after at least 12 months of hormonal therapy can improve the quality of life for transgender individuals.
2 citations
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August 2020 in “JCRPE” A girl with Denys-Drash syndrome was misdiagnosed due to biotin affecting her hormone test results.
56 citations
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December 2002 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Human bone cells mainly produce a type 1 enzyme that may help regulate bone health.
53 citations
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June 1993 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” LY191704 is a compound that effectively blocks a specific enzyme involved in hormone conversion and could help treat enlarged prostate and hair loss.
35 citations
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May 2002 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Chronic pelvic pain in men is common, but its cause is unknown and treatments are often ineffective.
34 citations
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July 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Searches for acne, hair loss, and eczema increased during COVID-19, while searches for other skin issues decreased.
22 citations
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April 1998 in “Dermatologic Clinics” Interferons are effective for some skin conditions and cancers, but can have side effects and need more research for optimal use.
15 citations
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August 2010 in “Annals of saudi medicine/Annals of Saudi medicine” Hair tourniquet syndrome is a rare condition where hair wraps around an infant's body part, needing quick removal to prevent damage.
11 citations
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January 2000 in “Der Hautarzt” Male hypogonadism affects skin and hair, causing thin skin, less hair, and skin reactions to treatment.
11 citations
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May 1996 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The main enzyme found in pubic skin that could be targeted to treat excessive hair growth is 5 alpha-R2.
8 citations
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October 2021 in “The international journal of risk and safety in medicine” The document sets criteria for diagnosing long-term sexual dysfunctions caused by certain medications.
3 citations
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July 2014 in “QJM” A 35-year-old man had patchy hair loss that was actually due to syphilis, not alopecia areata.