13 citations
,
January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
Scalp reconstruction uses different methods to restore hair and skin, depending on the defect size.
3 citations
,
April 2000 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” January 2024 in “Medicina” Proper planning and technique in upper-face feminization surgery are crucial to avoid complications and revisions.
6 citations
,
July 2017 in “Clinics in Plastic Surgery” The document concludes that individualized reconstruction plans are essential for improving function and appearance after head and neck burns.
November 2012 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” A new genetic mutation causes severe Leydig cell hypoplasia, affecting sexual development.
September 2025 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”
116 citations
,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
157 citations
,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
12 citations
,
January 2016 in “Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports” Testosterone therapy improved physical and social health in a male with 49,XXXXY syndrome.
3 citations
,
April 2016 in “Dermatologic Surgery” A man's forehead and eyebrow were successfully reconstructed with a skin and hair graft that matched his other eyebrow, without needing frequent trimming.
January 2025 in “Bioengineering” Combining PRS with TAFR is promising for treating complex fistulas, with most patients achieving long-term healing.
10 citations
,
December 1997 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” Hair restoration surgery has improved with better techniques for natural looks and managing patient expectations, but it remains labor-intensive and requires careful consideration of potential complications.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “International Journal of Women’s Dermatology” Dermatologists are crucial in providing personalized care for patients with sex development differences.
A 22-year-old woman with a rare genetic condition was successfully treated to develop normal female characteristics and regular menstruation.
1 citations
,
August 2015 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” A new gene mutation causes complete androgen insensitivity in a 16-year-old with a female appearance.
October 2025 in “Bioengineering” Coating surgical meshes with PRP may improve hernia repair outcomes.
3 citations
,
May 2024 in “Diseases of the Colon & Rectum” Adding platelet-rich plasma does not improve healing of certain fistulas.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
46 citations
,
December 1992 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Affected males are born with ambiguous genitalia, raised as females, but develop male traits at puberty due to enzyme deficiency.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
30 citations
,
January 2000 in “Mosby eBooks” The document covers all aspects of plastic and reconstructive surgery, from basic techniques to specific procedures for various body parts.
9 citations
,
August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
5 citations
,
April 2022 in “Journal of Obesity” Transgender individuals face more barriers and less autonomy in surgical body modifications compared to cisgender individuals.
January 2016 in “Springer eBooks” A 19-year-old male with delayed puberty was successfully treated for a condition that prevents normal hormone production.
July 2014 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” The document concludes that rib-sparing techniques in breast reconstruction have limited benefits, sentinel lymph node biopsy is needed for desmoplastic melanoma, certain hair preservation methods improve graft survival, partial turbinectomy effectively reduces nasal obstruction, nipple shields with irrigation may reduce capsular contracture, and thicker malignant melanomas have a higher risk of non-skin cancers.
July 2014 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” The document concludes that rib-sparing techniques in breast reconstruction have limited benefits, sentinel lymph node biopsy is needed for desmoplastic melanoma, certain hair preservation methods improve graft survival, partial turbinectomy effectively reduces nasal obstruction, nipple shields with irrigation may reduce capsular contracture, and thicker malignant melanomas have a higher risk of non-skin cancers.
September 2024 in “Uro-Technology Journal” October 2022 in “Hair Transplantation” Improving donor scar appearance in hair transplants involves careful technique and addressing factors like tension, scalp elasticity, and patient habits.
October 2022 in “Hair Transplantation” Improper hair transplant techniques can lead to unnatural results, but practical solutions exist to fix them.