34 citations
,
June 2014 in “The BMJ” Pregnancy can change skin disease severity, with some conditions improving and others worsening, and treatment should balance benefits and fetal safety.
33 citations
,
August 2006 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Pregnancy can cause specific skin conditions that need correct diagnosis and treatment to protect both mother and baby.
13 citations
,
June 1984 in “Postgraduate Medicine” Pregnancy can cause various skin changes, including pigmentation, acne, and stretch marks, and may affect preexisting skin conditions.
6 citations
,
September 1990 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” The skin condition PUPP usually gets better on its own after giving birth and is unlikely to happen again in future pregnancies.
December 2004 in “Medicine” Pregnancy can cause skin changes and may affect pre-existing skin conditions, with some treatments not safe for use during pregnancy.
Oral contraceptives can affect skin and hair, improve acne, but may cause pigmentation, dermatitis, and other conditions.
June 2008 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Herpes gestationis is linked to certain antigens, atopic eczema affects T cell populations and may be eased by breastfeeding, higher doses of anti-androgen treatment can improve androgenic alopecia, topical minoxidil increases hair thickness, long-term methotrexate therapy can cause liver fibrosis in psoriasis patients, and Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus patients aren't at higher risk for autoimmune disorders.
June 2023 in “Lithuanian University of Health Sciences” PCOS increases risks of gestational diabetes, hypertension, and caesarian deliveries in pregnancy.
9 citations
,
October 1994 in “Brain Research” Fetal sheep develop skin nerve pathways and responses to touch and heat between 75 and 134 days of gestation.
August 2019 in “Placenta” Being overweight or obese before pregnancy increases the risk of having a C-section and a larger-than-normal baby in Chile's public health system.
January 2011 in “Industrial health and Occupational Diseases” Resveratrol during pregnancy didn't harm male rat development.
1 citations
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February 2017 in “International journal of anatomy and research” Understanding fetal skin development helps diagnose congenital skin diseases.
May 2024 in “Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology” Overweight or obese women before pregnancy have lower iron levels in their serum and hair during early pregnancy.
43 citations
,
February 2008 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” Melanocyte precursors in human fetal skin follow a specific migration pattern and some remain in the skin's deeper layers.
4 citations
,
January 2019 in “Micron” Fetal hair follicles have melanocytes with melanosomes at different stages, which are broken down into pigment particles in keratinocytes.
December 2025 in “The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology” Red Sokoto goat fetuses develop firmer, pigmented skin with hair follicles as they grow.
June 2020 in “Authorea (Authorea)” First-time mothers had higher stress hormone levels in late pregnancy than mothers who had given birth before.
Canine fetal hair follicle stem cells show pluripotency, with higher S100 protein expression at 40 days.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Free fatty acids may increase androgen production, potentially contributing to polycystic ovary syndrome.
Carbohydrates are crucial for skin development and may help understand skin conditions.
41 citations
,
September 2005 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” Hydrogen peroxide can cause scars by changing healing processes and increasing certain protein levels.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “European journal of pediatric surgery reports” A baby girl's hair turned straight on one side due to a neck tumor and surgery, but it returned to curly as she recovered.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.
168 citations
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August 2000 in “American Journal of Pathology” Fibromodulin might help reduce scarring if increased in adult wounds like in fetal skin that heals without scars.
118 citations
,
May 2003 in “Toxicological Sciences” Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.
87 citations
,
February 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Stem cells in developing hair follicles move to specific areas as they mature.
67 citations
,
February 1997 in “Teratology” Finasteride, when given in high oral doses to pregnant monkeys, caused genital abnormalities in male fetuses, but not in female fetuses or those exposed to intravenous finasteride.
58 citations
,
June 2006 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” Mice healed without scars as fetuses but developed scars as adults, suggesting scarless healing might be replicated with further research.
26 citations
,
September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
19 citations
,
April 1999 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Keratin 2e shows a unique pattern in developing fetal skin, different from other keratins.