October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors in the ovary can cause high testosterone and male traits in postmenopausal women but are treatable with surgery.
16 citations
,
January 1998 in “Dermatology” Human sebaceous glands can grow normally for a week without certain growth factors, and adding estrogen reduces their oil production without affecting cell growth.
October 2025 in “F1000Research” Postmenopausal women with excess male hormones may have ovarian tumors, and surgery usually cures them.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
May 2022 in “Indian Journal of Animal Research” Melatonin receptor genes likely play an important role in the development of goose feather follicles.
35 citations
,
August 2009 in “Differentiation” Desmoglein 4 is controlled by specific proteins that affect hair growth.
36 citations
,
May 2011 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Treatment with a hormone agonist can reduce excess male hormones in postmenopausal women without surgery.
76 citations
,
July 2009 in “Neuroscience” Neurosteroids like allopregnanolone help control cell death and growth in the developing fetal brain.
Metabolic processes and key genes like FGF5, FGFR1, and RRAS significantly affect hair follicle growth in Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats.
71 citations
,
July 2015 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have higher androgen levels that decrease with age but are still higher than in women without PCOS.
1 citations
,
March 2005 in “Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie” A postmenopausal woman had high testosterone from her right adrenal gland, leading to recommended surgery.
July 2025 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach and informed consent for gender-affirming hormone treatment, with regular follow-ups and individualized care.
A thorough diagnostic process and teamwork are crucial for managing complex hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women.
2 citations
,
September 2024 in “Asian Journal of Andrology” New SRD5A2 variants may disrupt protein function, aiding diagnosis and treatment of related disorders.
4 citations
,
December 2012 in “Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia” A postmenopausal woman's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a hormone-producing ovarian tumor.
January 2014 in “edoc (University of Basel)” Anabolic steroids and inflammation can disrupt androgen metabolism, potentially causing health issues.
April 2017 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open” Baby and adult skin cells are different, with baby cells having more active pathways that could help grow new hair follicles.
24 citations
,
December 2013 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” 104 citations
,
June 2020 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in PCOS-like rats can lead to pregnancy complications due to increased cell death in the uterus and placenta.
September 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Men and women in infertile couples feel using donor sperm may cause more stress and marital issues than using donor eggs.
3 citations
,
January 2022 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” Sex hormones affect brain cells differently in males and females.
1 citations
,
October 2012 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” The document concludes that proper diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for managing androgenization in women effectively.
25 citations
,
December 2009 in “Developmental Neurobiology” Androgens are essential for maintaining adult neuromuscular structure.
January 2026 in “Nature Reviews Urology”
March 2025 in “Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” Rodent models of PCOS show some hormone changes similar to humans, but also have key differences.
18 citations
,
March 2015 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” The research suggests that the ZP4 gene is linked to egg development in women with PCOS but requires more study to understand its role in infertility.
111 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
34 citations
,
October 1975 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis” January 2014 in “Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)” Steroid hormones may affect sexual maturation in cod by altering certain KCa channel expressions.