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The document concludes that a systematic approach is crucial to identify causes of androgen excess in women beyond the most common cause, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

A woman's masculine symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which improved after surgery.

A woman's ovarian fibroma caused high testosterone levels, which normalized after surgery.

Androgen and Wnt signals are crucial for developing and functioning male genitalia and erectile tissues.

A postmenopausal woman had rare symptoms due to a possible ovarian tumor, needing thorough evaluation.

Leydig cell hyperplasia can cause virilization in postmenopausal women and is treatable with surgery.

A woman's male-like physical changes were caused by two rare ovarian conditions.

Low-dose gonadotropin treatment is effective for infertility in women with PCOS, leading to high ovulation rates and comparable pregnancy rates with fewer complications.

Both estrogens and androgens are important for health in both males and females.

Androstanediol glucuronide is a reliable marker for hirsutism in women.

Androgens affect bone and fat cell development differently based on the cells' embryonic origin.

The April 2014 issue of "Fertility and Sterility" discussed various reproductive health topics, including hormone therapy benefits, sperm and genetic factors in male infertility, and the link between PCOS and diabetes.

A woman's masculine features were caused by a rare ovarian tumor that produced male hormones.

The GPRC6A-Duox1 axis helps control hair growth and loss by affecting hydrogen peroxide production.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

Sertoliform endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary, though rare, has a good prognosis when treated early.

Genetic risk factors for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome can affect men too, not just women.

Androgens, like testosterone, are crucial for early testicular descent in rats.

Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.

Sex hormones affect brain cells differently in males and females.

DHT deficiency in rats reduces sperm content and affects testis structure over time.

Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin play complex roles in female sexual function, with testosterone potentially improving sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. However, more research is needed to establish safe and effective hormone treatments for female sexual dysfunction.

Steroid hormones may affect sexual maturation in cod by altering certain KCa channel expressions.

The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.

Progesterone and its byproducts control a specific receptor in the brain independently of progesterone receptors, affecting conditions related to the menstrual cycle.

Postmenopausal women with unusual hair growth should be checked for ovarian tumors.

The length of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene is linked to ovarian reserve but does not affect how the ovaries respond to stimulation.

The treatment successfully lowered testosterone levels and reduced symptoms.