63 citations
,
January 2010 in “Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience” 3α-androstanediol helps reduce age-related cognitive and mood declines in male rats, unlike testosterone.
32 citations
,
October 2015 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience” DHT is needed for long-term depression, while E2 is needed for full long-term potentiation in male rat brains.
11 citations
,
October 2002 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” Formalin-induced pain increases testosterone breakdown in the rat brain and spinal cord.
2 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
111 citations
,
August 2015 in “Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders” 5α-reductase inhibitors may cause persistent sexual dysfunction and depression, needing more research on long-term effects.
38 citations
,
May 2021 in “International Journal of Infectious Diseases” Low testosterone may indicate severe COVID-19 in men.
9 citations
,
March 2018 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Allopregnanolone changes gene expression in glioblastoma cells.
7 citations
,
August 2025 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Long-term use of calcineurin inhibitors in transplant patients can cause hormone issues that can be managed with proper care.
April 2026 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Stopping finasteride can lead to lasting sexual and psychological issues.
January 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Lifestyle changes and environmental strategies can help address declining testosterone levels.
August 2024 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Australia needs better dermatological guidelines for gender-diverse patients.
January 2024 in “Journal of lipid research” Finasteride may lower cholesterol and slow heart disease progression.
November 2023 in “Brain Sciences” Some medications might contribute to male infertility, with finasteride showing a high number of reports.
9 citations
,
May 2024 in “Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology” Gender affirming hormone therapy improves outcomes in gender affirmation surgery.
55 citations
,
August 2003 in “Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology” Ultrasound and color Doppler can help diagnose and decide treatment for early puberty in young girls.
1 citations
,
February 2024 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” Laser hair removal works well and is safe during any menstrual cycle phase.
August 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” AVT is highly conserved and may have antimicrobial properties.
September 2023 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Menopause causes skin and hair to become drier and thinner, but hormone therapy can improve these conditions.
54 citations
,
March 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology” Prenatal pesticide exposure may cause earlier breast development in girls.
18 citations
,
July 2015 in “Drug Healthcare and Patient Safety” Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can increase heart risks, especially in men with heart conditions.
November 2023 in “JCEM Case Reports” A postmenopausal woman's excess male hormone symptoms improved after her ovaries were removed.
50 citations
,
February 2013 in “Annals of Clinical Biochemistry” Understanding how DHT works is important for diagnosing and treating hormone-related disorders.
35 citations
,
October 2011 in “Medicine and science in sports and exercise” Muscles can make their own androgens, which may help muscle growth.
16 citations
,
November 2021 in “Antioxidants” Managing oxidative stress might help treat low testosterone and related chronic diseases in aging men.
15 citations
,
September 2023 in “International Journal of Microbiology Research” AMH is a promising biomarker for diagnosing PCOS.
8 citations
,
August 2015 in “Endocrine”
January 2025 in “Diagnostics” Women with PCOS have distinct retinal changes compared to healthy women.
February 2024 in “Brain research bulletin” Blocking androgen activity in newborn rats affects body weight and appetite-related hormones differently in males and females.
136 citations
,
January 2004 in “Neuroscience” Testosterone increases seizure risk through its conversion to specific neurosteroids.
89 citations
,
August 2013 in “PloS one” Androgen receptors are active in many tissues of both male and female mice, not just reproductive organs.