December 2013 in “Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences” Ovarian steroid cell tumors should be considered in adults with hirsutism and high testosterone, with surgery as the main treatment.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high male hormone levels, but surgery fixed it.
5 citations
,
January 2017 in “Biomedical Research-tokyo” Long-term steroid abuse in athletes causes serious health risks, outweighing any benefits.
7 citations
,
October 2003 in “Nonlinearity in Biology Toxicology Medicine” Confirming low-dose endocrine toxicities is difficult and requires more research.
48 citations
,
February 2006 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” 5α-reductase inhibitors may reduce male fertility and could be used for male contraception.
1 citations
,
June 2024 in “Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología Diabetes & Metabolismo” The risks of testosterone implants in women outweigh the benefits.
20 citations
,
April 2012 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride causes lasting fertility decrease in rats.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
Finasteride impairs sperm quality and fertility in rats, even after stopping treatment.
Low-dose glucocorticoid treatment improves pregnancy and birth rates in women with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
8 citations
,
January 1987 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Flutamide, an antiandrogen, has minimal impact on female rat endocrine systems and does not significantly change their reproductive cycles.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Surgical removal of a rare ovarian tumor improved symptoms and hormone levels in a postmenopausal woman.
31 citations
,
January 1989 in “The Prostate/The prostate” Estradiol and castration reduced prostate cancer development in rats when applied at early stages, but were ineffective after cancer was established.
18 citations
,
June 2016 in “PeerJ” Testosterone increases certain kidney protein levels, potentially raising blood pressure.
1 citations
,
August 2019 in “Environmental Toxicology” Exposure to low doses of finasteride in the womb causes changes in the prostate of both male and female gerbils.
6 citations
,
February 2013 in “Medical Oncology” Certain genetic variants increase the risk of resistance to hormone therapy in prostate cancer patients.
1 citations
,
November 2024 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Safety” Aromatase inhibitors can cause various adverse reactions, so monitoring is crucial.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Rare ovarian tumors can cause hyperandrogenism, even if imaging appears normal.
July 2025 in “AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes” Ovarian hyperthecosis caused high testosterone and virilization symptoms in a 60-year-old woman, which improved after surgery.
March 2016 in “Korean Journal of Medicine” Doxazosin can cause male breast growth and milk production.
77 citations
,
May 2012 in “Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs” New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.
Finasteride causes reproductive malformations in male rats.
5 citations
,
August 2018 in “Ocular immunology and inflammation” Methotrexate side effects vary by race and sex.
2 citations
,
May 2018 in “Diagnosis” A 68-year-old woman developed male traits due to a tumor in her ovary, which was removed, returning her hormone levels to normal.
40 citations
,
September 2019 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Group a wide range of chemicals, not just phthalates, for assessing risks to male reproductive health.
241 citations
,
January 2001 in “Reviews on Environmental Health” High selenium exposure can harm thyroid function, immune system, liver, skin, and may increase neurotoxicity and cancer risk.
Certain medications can negatively impact male fertility.
67 citations
,
January 1987 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” New hormonal therapies can help treat advanced prostate cancer but may cause testicular issues.
October 2009 in “The American Journal of Gastroenterology” Excessive selenium intake can cause liver damage.