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GlossaryGonadotropins

hormones from the pituitary gland that regulate reproductive organs

Gonadotropins are hormones produced by the pituitary gland that play a crucial role in regulating the function of the gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males). The two main types of gonadotropins are luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which are essential for reproductive processes such as ovulation, sperm production, and the regulation of menstrual cycles.

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research Insulin administration alters gonadal steroid metabolism independent of changes in gonadotropin secretion in insulin-resistant women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

202 citations , January 1989 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation”

Insulin changes sex hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome without affecting other hormone releases.

research Clinical and Hormonal Effects of Chronic Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment in Polycystic Ovarian Disease*

96 citations , October 1987 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Chronic GnRHa treatment can help manage endometrial hyperplasia and reduce ovarian androgen excess in PCO patients.

research Puberty in Boys: Correlation of Plasma Levels of Gonadotropins (LH, FSH), Androgens (Testosterone, Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone and Its Sulfate), Estrogens (Estrone and Estradiol) and Progestins (Progesterone and 17-Hydroxyprogesterone)

96 citations , September 1975 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Hormone levels change during puberty, leading to physical developments like pubic hair and voice changes.

Three-Month Treatment With a Long-Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist of Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Effects on Tissue Androgen Concentration, 5α-Reductase Activity and Androgen Receptor Content

research Three-Month Treatment With a Long-Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist of Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Effects on Tissue Androgen Concentration, 5α-Reductase Activity and Androgen Receptor Content*

82 citations , February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

A three-month treatment with a GnRH agonist significantly lowered androgen levels and 5α-reductase activity in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

research Treatment of Hirsutism with a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist (Nafarelin)∗

77 citations , October 1986 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

Nafarelin may effectively treat excessive hair growth in women by reducing certain hormone levels.

research Comparison of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and a low dose oral contraceptive given alone or together in the treatment of hirsutism.

62 citations , December 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Combining a GnRH agonist with a low-dose oral contraceptive is more effective and safer for treating hirsutism than using either alone.

Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Therapy for Hirsutism Is as Effective as High Dose Cyproterone Acetate but Results in a Longer Remission

research Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist therapy for hirsutism is as effective as high dose cyproterone acetate but results in a longer remission

49 citations , April 1997 in “Human reproduction”

Hormone therapy for excessive hair growth is as good with GnRHa as with high-dose CPA, but GnRHa has longer-lasting results.

17-Hydroxyprogesterone Responses to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Reveal Distinct Phenotypes of Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

research 17-Hydroxyprogesterone Responses to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Disclose Distinct Phenotypes of Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

42 citations , September 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

The research found that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has two distinct types, with one having more severe hormone and insulin issues.

research Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment in Postmenopausal Women with Hyperandrogenism of Ovarian Origin

36 citations , May 2011 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Treatment with a hormone agonist can reduce excess male hormones in postmenopausal women without surgery.

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist (Nafarelin) Test to Differentiate Gonadotropin Deficiency from Constitutionally Delayed Puberty in Teenage Boys: A Clinical Research Center Study

research Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (nafarelin) test to differentiate gonadotropin deficiency from constitutionally delayed puberty in teen-age boys--a clinical research center study.

24 citations , October 1995 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

The nafarelin test can reliably distinguish between gonadotropin deficiency and delayed puberty in teenage boys.

research Effects of finasteride, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, on circulating androgens and gonadotropin secretion in hirsute women.

22 citations , September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Finasteride reduces dihydrotestosterone, increases testosterone, and may treat hirsutism in women.

research Long-Term Suppression of Testosterone After Treatment with a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in a Woman with a Presumed Testosterone Secreting Ovarian Tumor

19 citations , June 1997 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

The treatment successfully lowered testosterone levels and reduced symptoms.

research Treatment of hirsutism with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and estrogen replacement therapy

19 citations , March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility”

The combination therapy reduced hirsutism in women with PCOD and was well-tolerated.

research A comparative study of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and finasteride on idiopathic hirsutism.

10 citations , January 2000 in “PubMed”

Both finasteride and GnRH agonist treatments reduced hair growth in women with idiopathic hirsutism, but GnRH agonist was more effective.

Sequential Estrogen-Progestin Addition to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Suppression for the Chronic Treatment of Ovarian Hyperandrogenism: A Pilot Study

research Sequential estrogen-progestin addition to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist suppression for the chronic treatment of ovarian hyperandrogenism: a pilot study.

2 citations , December 1994 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

The treatment effectively reduced hair growth and was safe for patients with PCOS, but it needs better bleeding control.

research Role of Environmental Factors and Gonadotoxin Exposure in Unexplained Male Infertility

2 citations , January 2015 in “Springer eBooks”

Environmental factors and exposure to toxins may contribute to male infertility by affecting sperm and hormone function.

research (PNM-35) Recurrent priapism in a sickle cell disease patient treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists drugs: a case report

February 2026 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine”

GnRH agonists can help manage recurrent priapism in sickle cell patients, but long-term safety is unclear.

A Novel Nomogram for Predicting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue Treatment Outcome in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty

research A Novel Nomogram for Predicting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue Treatment Outcome in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty

January 2026 in “International Journal of Women s Health”

A new model helps predict treatment success in girls with early puberty.

research Dienogest versus gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues for the clinical treatment of endometriosis: an updated meta-analysis

November 2024 in “International Journal of Scientific Reports”

Dienogest is safer and has fewer side effects than GnRH analogues for treating endometriosis.

research Physiology of Male Gonadotropic Axis and Disorders of Sex Development

January 2017 in “Springer eBooks”

Understanding genes and hormones is crucial for managing male puberty and sex development disorders.

Utilization of Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Analogue to Differentiate Ovarian from Adrenal Hyperandrogenism in Postmenopausal Women

research Utilisation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue to differentiate ovarian from adrenal hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women

4 citations , November 2018 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports”

GnRH analogue can help diagnose ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women when scans don't show the cause.

research Effect of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue, goserelin, and oestradiol replacement on sebum excretion rates and hair size in mildly hirsute women

4 citations , January 1991 in “Journal of dermatological treatment”

Goserelin and oestradiol treatment slightly improved hairiness but did not significantly change sebum production or hair characteristics in mildly hirsute women.

research DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC UTILITY OF GONADOTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE AGONIST IN POSTMENOPAUSAL HYPERANDROGENISM OF OVARIAN ORIGIN

July 2023 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies”

GnRH agonist effectively diagnoses and treats postmenopausal hyperandrogenism from ovarian sources.

Effect of Finasteride, a 5 Alpha-Reductase Inhibitor, on Serum Gonadotropins in Normal Men

research Luteinizing Hormone and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Decrease Type 2 5α-Reductase and Androgen Receptor Protein Levels in Women’s Skin

13 citations , May 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

LH and hCG reduce certain protein levels in women's skin.

Controversies in Plastic Surgery: Suction-Assisted Lipectomy and the hCG Protocol for Obesity Treatment

research Controversies in plastic surgery: Suction-assisted lipectomy (SAL) and the hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) protocol for obesity treatment

11 citations , December 1987 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery”

The document concludes that the hCG protocol may help in obesity treatment and could be scientifically justified, but more research is needed.

research New-onset androgenic alopecia following human chorionic gonadotropic diet and testosterone pellet implantation

2 citations , January 2018 in “International Journal of Trichology”

The hCG diet and testosterone therapy can cause hair loss in some people.