142 citations
,
January 2019 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” Postpartum depression is linked to changes in brain chemicals, inflammation, stress, and certain genes, and can potentially be identified by markers like specific steroids, serotonin levels, and vitamin D levels.
131 citations
,
August 2004 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.
124 citations
,
June 2002 in “Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome likely starts in childhood and may be genetic and influenced by early hormone exposure.
88 citations
,
May 2012 in “Human Reproduction Update” Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.
69 citations
,
November 2010 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” PCOS affects women's health by increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.
64 citations
,
May 2003 in “Journal of health psychology” Women with excess body hair feel psychological distress influenced by societal beauty standards, but distress isn't directly linked to the amount of hair.
54 citations
,
April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.
42 citations
,
January 2024 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Plant-based drugs are effective and safe alternatives for managing PCOS symptoms.
35 citations
,
May 2012 in “Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews” Minoxidil effectively treats female pattern hair loss.
32 citations
,
October 2003 Spironolactone is better than placebo for reducing excessive hair growth in women, but its effectiveness for acne is unclear due to small study sizes.
31 citations
,
January 2014 in “Clinical Endocrinology” The study suggests that being overweight or obese, not PCOS itself, is strongly linked to insulin resistance.
30 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Young women with high male hormone levels or PCOS often feel more psychological distress and have a lower quality of life.
28 citations
,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone replacement may help post-menopausal women with androgen insufficiency, but more research is needed on its benefits and risks.
27 citations
,
April 1996 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” The document says that understanding the causes of PCOS is important for treatment, especially in distinguishing the syndrome from just having cystic ovaries, and that losing weight is key for obese women with PCOS.
26 citations
,
January 2013 in “BioMed Research International” Hormonal changes after childbirth and menopause can lead to women's hair loss and facial hair growth, with a need for better treatments.
24 citations
,
March 2002 in “Expert opinion on investigational drugs” Different anti-androgen medications can help treat excessive hair growth, but the right choice depends on accurate diagnosis.
21 citations
,
May 2016 in “The Cochrane library” Topical minoxidil helps treat female pattern hair loss, but more research needed for other treatments.
18 citations
,
September 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Women with PCOS have higher levels of a certain growth factor, which can be reduced by taking metformin.
15 citations
,
January 1988 in “Drugs” The document concludes that treatments for female hair loss and excessive hair growth are temporary and not well-studied.
11 citations
,
February 2003 in “Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology/Baillière's best practice and research in clinical obstetrics and gynaecology” Acne and increased body hair in teenage girls are normal but severe cases may need hormone evaluation and treatment can prevent diabetes linked to PCO.
9 citations
,
July 2009 in “Journal Of Endocrinology, Metabolism And Diabetes Of South Africa” The document concludes that managing PCOS involves treating symptoms and reducing long-term metabolic risks, with lifestyle changes being important.
6 citations
,
September 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” Androgen therapy can help with symptoms like low libido in women, but more research is needed to understand its long-term safety and effects on health.
1 citations
,
September 2023 in “Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences” The mFG score is effective for diagnosing hirsutism.
1 citations
,
July 1998 in “JAMA” The book provides a historical view of abortion in the U.S., critiques the pro-choice movement, and recommends including abortion in medical education.
April 2026 in “AMEI's Current Trends in Diagnosis & Treatment” PCOS-related infertility is managed with lifestyle changes and medications.
January 2025 in “International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation” PCOS management benefits from combining traditional herbs, modern medicine, and lifestyle changes.
April 2024 in “International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies” Early investigation and a team approach are crucial for managing primary amenorrhea effectively.
March 2024 in “Journal of Applied and Natural Science” Mentha spicata leaves lower testosterone and aggression in female rats.
May 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The enzyme 5α-reductase is important for proper blood vessel development during the fertility-related transformation of the uterus lining.
Medicalization has shaped how society views health and gender roles over the past 200 years.