January 2024 in “Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes” A low-glycemic diet improved hormone levels and well-being in overweight women with high androgen levels.
September 2024 in “Medicine theory and practice” A young girl's hyperandrogenism was caused by an adrenocortical adenoma, diagnosed and treated through detailed evaluations.
71 citations
,
August 2019 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone treatment effectively causes male physical development in transgender male adolescents but may lead to side effects like acne, higher BMI and blood pressure, lower good cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
86 citations
,
May 2013 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” Gynecologists should provide comprehensive care for transgender patients, including mental health evaluation, hormone therapy, and surgical options, while monitoring for side effects and ensuring patient safety.
116 citations
,
December 2013 in “The Journal of Pediatrics” Most youth with gender dysphoria received hormones, had minor complications, and showed a decrease in suicide attempts after treatment.
The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.
13 citations
,
August 1980 in “Cancer” Multimodal primary treatment improves survival in premenopausal breast cancer patients and is also beneficial for postmenopausal women.
108 citations
,
February 2013 in “JAMA” Transgender treatment includes hormones and surgery, but long-term effects are unknown and counseling is needed.
39 citations
,
October 2018 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” Injectables can feminize or masculinize a transgender person's face, but more research is needed for best practices.
17 citations
,
June 2018 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.
February 2019 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Mohs surgery effectively treats nipple adenoma while preserving the nipple area.
82 citations
,
February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” A three-month treatment with a GnRH agonist significantly lowered androgen levels and 5α-reductase activity in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
1 citations
,
February 2009 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Hormone-replacement therapy improved a woman's skin condition known as lymphomatoid papulosis.
September 2025 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery affect gut bacteria differently.
9 citations
,
April 2021 in “Annals of Translational Medicine” Facial contouring is crucial for the satisfaction and well-being of Chinese transgender females.
82 citations
,
May 2016 in “Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology” The conclusion is that managing androgen excess requires long-term treatment, including hormonal contraceptives and androgen blockers, with follow-up after six months.
1 citations
,
March 2005 in “Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie” A postmenopausal woman had high testosterone from her right adrenal gland, leading to recommended surgery.
November 2001 in “CRC Press eBooks”
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Losing weight, possibly through bariatric surgery, is key to improving PCOS and hyperandrogenism symptoms in obese patients.
17 citations
,
May 2012 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Surgery to lower high testosterone in postmenopausal women with certain ovarian tumors doesn't significantly affect their metabolism.
19 citations
,
March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” The combination therapy reduced hirsutism in women with PCOD and was well-tolerated.
June 2023 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Gender-affirming hormone therapy changes hair growth in transgender people, with feminizing therapy reducing hair and masculinizing therapy increasing it, but sometimes additional treatment is needed.
May 2023 in “Journal of drugs in dermatology” Most transgender patients getting laser hair removal before gender-affirming surgery are already on hormone therapy, which might affect the hair removal process.
24 citations
,
December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” Transgender women can develop feminine traits and improve their quality of life through hormone therapy and surgery, but results vary and access to surgery can be limited.
5 citations
,
January 1987 in “Gynecologic and obstetric investigation” Cyproterone acetate implants were more effective at reducing facial hair and improving skin in severe hirsutism than oral treatment.
11 citations
,
May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” Progesterone may help trans women with breast development and health, but more research is needed.
October 2025 in “F1000Research” Postmenopausal women with excess male hormones may have ovarian tumors, and surgery usually cures them.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” Aesthetic gynecology improves women's intimate health and well-being with safe procedures but needs more research and standardized protocols.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Estrogen alone may effectively suppress testosterone in some transfeminine individuals.