Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.
September 2017 in “Pediatric Dermatology” A 14-year-old boy was diagnosed with a rare hair condition that may lead to hair thinning and has no known effective treatments.
5 citations
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January 2024 in “Reproductive Medicine and Biology” Androgen and Wnt signals are crucial for developing and functioning male genitalia and erectile tissues.
July 2019 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” The woman had a rare adrenal tumor removed, and she recovered well with no signs of the tumor returning.
41 citations
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March 1998 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” The enzyme that changes testosterone to a stronger form is mostly found in the part of the hair follicle called the dermal papilla.
2 citations
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January 2012 in “International Journal of Trichology” Coffee and tea might help hair growth in balding individuals, but side effects and alternative uses are being considered.
18 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology” Women with AGA have more androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone, less copper and zinc; copper imbalance affects AGA; treatment improves hormones and minerals.
9 citations
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November 2013 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” A woman had high testosterone due to an ovarian issue, which was fixed with surgery.
September 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Adolescents with hair loss show different hormone levels by sex and often have related metabolic issues.
12 citations
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January 2004 in “Reproductive biomedicine online” Low-dose anti-androgen drugs and certain drug combinations are effective for hirsutism, and insulin sensitizers show promise, especially for those with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
21 citations
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April 2011 in “Physiological Research” Normal levels of DHT can reduce belly fat and increase muscle, but too much can lead to hair loss, prostate issues, and possibly heart disease.
August 2023 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” Minoxidil may work for hair loss by reducing androgen sensitivity and altering hormone-related enzymes.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Goserelin injections can effectively manage hyperandrogenism symptoms in postmenopausal women who can't have surgery.
56 citations
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January 2015 in “Circulation” Finasteride helps reduce heart issues and improves heart function.
March 2013 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Minoxidil and finasteride are effective long-term treatments for male hair loss.
20 citations
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January 2012 in “International Journal of Trichology” Most cases of excessive hair growth in women are caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome and are linked to higher free testosterone levels.
June 2018 in “Global Journal of Reproductive Medicine” Idiopathic hirsutism may be linked to increased skin enzyme activity, and new treatments like laser and eflornithine cream show promise.
163 citations
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November 1976 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Sickle cell anemia causes hormone issues and delayed puberty due to testicular failure.
124 citations
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August 1990 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Diffuse alopecia in women may be related to androgens and iron deficiency, and basic hormone and nutrient screening is useful.
96 citations
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October 1987 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Chronic GnRHa treatment can help manage endometrial hyperplasia and reduce ovarian androgen excess in PCO patients.
15 citations
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June 1995 in “The American Journal of the Medical Sciences” Finasteride caused enlarged breast tissue in a 62-year-old man.
12 citations
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July 2020 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Men with hormonal imbalances similar to PCOS may have increased risk of metabolic and heart diseases.
January 2026 in “Brazilian Journal of Development” Early diagnosis and surgery can improve symptoms of ovarian hyperthecosis in postmenopausal women.
May 2025 in “International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology” Ovarian tumors should be considered when postmenopausal women show signs of virilization.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” An 8-year-old boy's early puberty was caused by a rare hormone-secreting brain tumor, which was successfully treated with surgery.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Unani and Integrative Medicine” Combining modern and Unani treatments may offer better care for hirsutism in PCOS.
66 citations
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March 1998 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Removing a testosterone-producing tumor cured a woman's sleep apnea and other symptoms.
50 citations
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February 2013 in “Annals of Clinical Biochemistry” Understanding how DHT works is important for diagnosing and treating hormone-related disorders.
36 citations
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February 2021 in “Clinical Nutrition” Resveratrol improved menstrual regularity and reduced hair loss in women with PCOS.