May 2026 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” UV radiation damages hair similar to bleaching, but double bleaching causes more severe protein degradation.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Ozonated water damages hair structure and proteins.
13 citations
,
January 2017 in “Cosmetics” Different tests are used to see how hair care products affect hair, and choosing the right test is important for accurate results.
42 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
30 citations
,
August 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” TGase 3 helps build hair structure by forming strong bonds between proteins.
27 citations
,
February 1991 Cuticle damage doesn't affect hair's tensile strength; the cortex is responsible for it.
23 citations
,
August 2019 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Pollution exposure speeds up hair damage.
40 citations
,
April 1999 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” S100A3 protein is mainly found in specific parts of human hair cells.
February 2024 in “Medicina” AFM can diagnose hair disorders by revealing detailed hair surface changes.
NaOH treatment improves hair strength and suitability for textiles.
March 2010 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Hair straightening methods have advanced to improve effectiveness and reduce damage, but still rely on heat and chemicals.
140 citations
,
August 2011 in “Biomaterials” Keratose, derived from human hair, is a non-toxic biomaterial good for tissue regeneration and integrates well with body tissues.
28 citations
,
July 2008 in “Developmental Biology” Smad4 is important for healthy hair follicles because it helps produce a protein needed for hair to stick together and grow.
21 citations
,
October 2011 in “PloS one” Certain molecules in hair change with age and could be used for cosmetic treatments.
4 citations
,
February 2022 in “Frontiers in molecular biosciences” Chronic stress in mice changes skin metabolism and gene expression, leading to hair loss.
1 citations
,
October 2017 in “ecancermedicalscience” Breast cancer alters specific molecular structures in hair, which revert after cancer removal.
18 citations
,
August 2014 in “Lipids” Human hair has more unsaturated fats inside than on the surface, and certain lipids may help bind the outer and inner layers together.
September 2019 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” Plant oils and polymers can help protect African hair from damage during styling.
December 2025 in “Universal library of medical and health sciences.” Amino acids like arginine and cysteine protect hair during chemical treatments, keeping it strong and less brittle.
40 citations
,
November 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” S100A3 protein is crucial for hair shaft formation in mice.
28 citations
,
December 2011 in “Biocatalysis and biotransformation” PDI helps restore over-bleached hair's strength and structure by attaching special peptides.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Heat damages hair, with Asian hair losing more protein than Caucasian hair.
10 citations
,
September 2020 in “Biopolymers” Hair's structure and properties change with pH; acidic pH maintains strength and less swelling, while alkaline pH increases water content and swelling.
13 citations
,
November 2012 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Curly hair breaks more easily, especially with chemical treatments, but simpler grooming reduces breakage.
2 citations
,
January 2000 in “Elsevier eBooks” The document explains how hair is studied in forensics to identify its source and its role in criminal investigations.
31 citations
,
January 2014 in “International Journal of Trichology” The arrector pili muscle might play a role in hair loss and needs more research to understand its impact.
August 2007 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Hair fibers break by cuticle cell slipping, shape changing, cuticle fraying, and surface cracking when stretched under specific conditions.
14 citations
,
April 2016 in “PloS one” The KRTAP11-1 gene promoter is crucial for specific expression in sheep wool cortex.
12 citations
,
February 2019 in “Skin research and technology” White hair has less lipid content and absorbs water differently than brown hair.
3 citations
,
August 1980 in “Acs Symposium Series” Hair increases in size when it absorbs water, and treatments like bleaching affect how much water it can take in.