28 citations
,
December 2011 in “Biocatalysis and biotransformation” PDI helps restore over-bleached hair's strength and structure by attaching special peptides.
14 citations
,
October 2002 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” MAP-2 is crucial for the structure of hair follicles and nails.
September 2018 in “Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)” FN nanofiber dressings improve wound healing and restore natural skin structure.
Chemical treatments weaken hair's thermal stability and structure.
November 2025 in “Cosmetics” Rice germ oil improves hair health, but adding ferulic acid offers limited benefits and may worsen chemically damaged hair.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
January 2026 in “Preprints.org” Four new FGF5 gene variants cause long hair in dogs.
27 citations
,
May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
17 citations
,
December 2002 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications” Scientists found out how a specific protein in human hair cuticles behaves and is structured.
3 citations
,
August 2008 in “PubMed” Repeated digital perming with sodium thioglycolate lotion significantly damages hair protein and structure.
April 2020 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The study found that minor protein differences between curved and straight Japanese hair are unlikely to significantly affect hair structure.
8 citations
,
June 2023 in “Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica” rRSPO1 protein boosts hair growth by activating a key signaling pathway.
11 citations
,
September 2010 in “American Journal of Medical Genetics - Part A” A Turkish family with sparse hair and eyebrow loss has a mutation in the U2HR gene linked to Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis.
June 2023 in “Historical records of Australian science/Historical Records of Australian Science” George Ernest Rogers was a notable scientist who made important discoveries about hair and wool proteins.
61 citations
,
September 2010 in “Genomics” The study found that immune responses disrupt hair growth cycles, causing hair loss in alopecia areata.
58 citations
,
November 2013 in “Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences” Multiphoton microscopy is a promising tool for detailed skin imaging and could improve patient care if its challenges are addressed.
25 citations
,
October 1962 in “Journal of Ultrastructure Research” The hair follicle structure is more complex than thought, with new findings on protein formation.
23 citations
,
June 2012 in “Molecular Biology Reports” VEGF stimulates hair cell growth and increases growth receptor levels through a specific signaling pathway.
20 citations
,
November 1968 in “The Lancet” Potassium levels affect blood sugar and insulin during dialysis, and malnutrition changes children's hair roots.
18 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.
9 citations
,
February 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.
124 citations
,
November 2000 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” PAD3 plays a key role in hair and skin protein structure and may be linked to skin diseases.
1 citations
,
March 2025 in “Frontiers in Physiology” Methotrexate, resveratrol, and curcumin may help treat alopecia areata by targeting immune cells.
1 citations
,
December 2024 in “Methods in molecular biology” Hair proteins are complex and provide valuable genetic and biological information.
May 2026 in “Research Square” The polyG fragment in Hoxc13 protein helps evolve mammalian skin and hair by enhancing gene interactions.
36 citations
,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
30 citations
,
April 2017 in “Journal of structural biology” Human hair keratin fibers have a detailed nano-scale structure that changes with different conditions.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Hormone Replacement Therapy improves skin health in postmenopausal women by boosting collagen and hydration.
May 2022 in “Experimental dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy hair is structurally abnormal with protein and organization issues.
Hairlessness in mammals is due to complex genetic changes in both genes and regulatory regions.