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August 2000 in “Pigment cell research” Melanocyte activity in hair follicles is linked to the hair growth cycle, being active in growth phases and inactive in rest phases.
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January 2003 in “The FASEB Journal” Follistatin helps hair growth and cycling, while activin prevents it.
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January 2002 in “Nucleic Acids Research” BMP-2 activates the Dlx3 gene in mouse skin cells, important for hair and skin development.
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November 2000 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” There are two ways to start hair growth: one needs Stat3 and the other does not, but both need PI3K activation.
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December 2015 in “BMC plant biology” Three genes in Arabidopsis are important for plant growth and development by affecting sugar attachment to proteins.
68 citations
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April 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The conclusion is that Fgf18 and Tgf-ß signaling could be targeted for hair loss treatments.
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August 2013 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair greying is caused by oxidative stress damaging hair follicles and melanocytes.
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May 2016 in “Scientific reports” The peptide IMT-P8 can effectively deliver proteins into the skin and cells for potential skin treatments.
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February 1975 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” Dermal cell activity increases during hair growth in rats.
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January 2009 in “Development” β-catenin, Shh, and Bmp signaling control hair follicle development.
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February 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Ceramide Synthase 4 is essential for normal hair growth and preventing hair loss.
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May 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” High ornithine decarboxylase levels may lead to hair loss and cancer by increasing CK2 activity in the nucleus.
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April 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair ages as the cuticle wears down, especially beyond 1 meter from the root, affecting its strength and shine.
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June 2004 in “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences” Human hair becomes weaker and stretches more easily at higher temperatures.
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June 2013 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Valproic acid may help hair grow and could be a safe treatment for hair loss.
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May 1991 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Heparin can inhibit hair growth in mice when injected.
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August 2009 in “American Journal Of Pathology” Noggin promotes skin tumors by activating certain cell signaling pathways.
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August 1990 in “PubMed” Keratins K1 and K10 are found in the inner root sheath and cuticle of human hair follicles.
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December 2006 in “The American journal of pathology” Edar signaling is crucial for controlling hair growth and regression.
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September 1985 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Trichothiodystrophy causes abnormal protein deposits and distortion in hair follicles.
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December 2011 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Deleting MED1 in skin cells causes hair loss and skin changes.
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March 2008 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” GLI2 increases follistatin production in human skin cells.
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December 1998 in “Journal of Cell Science” The LEF-1 binding site enhances gene expression in hair follicles, with other proteins aiding specific regulation.
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March 1997 in “Journal of interferon & cytokine research” IL-1β inhibits human hair follicle growth.
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October 1988 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Hormones, nutrition, and seasonal changes regulate hair growth cycles, with androgens extending growth phases and factors like aging and malnutrition affecting hair loss and thinning.
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January 2010 in “Human Molecular Genetics” FTase and GGTase-I are essential for skin keratinocyte health.
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February 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology” Increasing PDCD4 protein may help prevent or treat some skin cancers.
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January 2002 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Apple extract called procyanidin B-2 was found to greatly increase hair growth.
36 citations
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February 2017 in “BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine” Geranium sibiricum extract helps hair grow and is more effective than minoxidil but can be toxic in high concentrations.
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March 2009 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Vitamin C derivative helps hair grow longer by making cells produce a growth factor through a specific cellular pathway.