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GlossaryHalf Maximal Effective Concentration

concentration needed for 50% of maximum drug effect

The Half Maximal Effective Concentration, often abbreviated as EC50, is a measure used in pharmacology to indicate the concentration of a drug or substance required to achieve half of its maximum effect. This value helps researchers understand the potency of a compound, with a lower EC50 indicating a more potent substance.

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research Determination of the potency of a novel saw palmetto supercritical CO2 extract (SPSE) for 5α-reductase isoform II inhibition using a cell-free in vitro test system

3 citations , April 2016 in “Research and reports in urology”

The new saw palmetto extract effectively inhibits an enzyme linked to prostate enlargement and may be as good as standard treatments.

research Determination of the potency of a novel saw palmetto supercritical CO2 extract (SPSE) for 5α-reductase isoform II inhibition using a cell-free in vitro test system

2 citations , April 2016 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)”

The saw palmetto extract effectively inhibits an enzyme linked to prostate issues, showing promise for prostate health.

research Anti-Zika Activity of a Library of Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors

11 citations , March 2019 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry”

Some synthetic carbohydrate receptors, especially compounds 3 and 15, show strong potential for treating Zika virus.

research Bilateral Half-Head Comparison of 1% Anthralin Ointment in Children with Alopecia Areata

24 citations , January 2017 in “Pediatric dermatology”

1% anthralin ointment is effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata in children.

research
A Retrospective Comparative Study of Two Concentrations of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide in the Treatment of Patchy Alopecia Areata on the Scalp

6 citations , November 2020 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Both concentrations of triamcinolone acetonide are effective for hair regrowth in patchy alopecia areata, but 5 mg/mL is recommended to reduce side effects.

Terbinafine Levels in Serum, Stratum Corneum, Dermis-Epidermis, Hair, Sebum, and Eccrine Sweat

research Terbinafine levels in serum, stratum corneum, dermis-epidermis (without stratum corneum), hair, sebum and eccrine sweat.

121 citations , January 1991 in “Acta dermato-venereologica”

Terbinafine quickly builds up in skin and hair, staying effective for over 3 weeks.

An Interventional, Comparative, Prospective Study to Determine Optimum Concentration of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide in Treatment of Alopecia Areata

research An Interventional, Comparative, Prospective Study to Determine Optimum Concentration of Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide in Treatment of Alopecia Areata

October 2025 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal”

2.5 mg/ml of triamcinolone acetonide is more effective for treating alopecia areata.

research 6. Phototherapy, Photomedicine, and Pigmentary Disorders

July 2003 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery”

Stopping certain drugs can improve skin conditions, arsenicosis affects over half of a Bangladeshi village, males are more vulnerable, and certain treatments are effective for warts, acne, and psoriasis. Smoking and drinking are linked to psoriasis in men, a cream helps with a type of skin cancer, and low iron levels don't directly cause chronic hair loss in women.

research Efficacy and safety of topical finasteride spray solution for male androgenetic alopecia: a phase III, randomized, controlled clinical trial

11 citations , October 2021 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Topical finasteride is an effective and safer treatment for male hair loss.

Effectiveness of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Double-Center, Non-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Study in Vietnam

research Effectiveness of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma for Androgenetic Alopecia: A Double-Center, Non-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Study in Vietnam

July 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

PRP therapy effectively improves hair density and reduces hair loss in androgenetic alopecia.

research Scalp cooling in the prevention of anthracycline-induced alopecia

4 citations , April 2001 in “European journal of cancer”

Scalp cooling prevented hair loss in half of the patients, despite significant side effects.

research Non-thermal Acoustic Enhancement of Chemotherapeutic Effects of Cisplatin on Xenografted Cervical Cancer in Mice

November 2023 in “Anticancer Research”

Using ultrasound may make cisplatin more effective against cervical cancer in mice.

Which Plant for Which Skin Disease? Part 2: Dermatophytes, Chronic Venous Insufficiency, Photoprotection, Actinic Keratoses, Vitiligo, Hair Loss, Cosmetic Indications

research Which plant for which skin disease? Part 2: Dermatophytes, chronic venous insufficiency, photoprotection, actinic keratoses, vitiligo, hair loss, cosmetic indications

19 citations , August 2010 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft”

Certain plant extracts can effectively treat skin conditions like athlete's foot, chronic vein problems, sun damage, skin growths, vitiligo, and hair loss, and may also improve skin appearance.

research Development of Provesicular Nanodelivery System of Curcumin as a Safe and Effective Antiviral Agent: Statistical Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and Antiviral Effectiveness

37 citations , December 2020 in “Molecules”

A new delivery system makes Curcumin more effective and safer against viruses.

Investigation on Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Cancerous Activity of Agaricus Bisporus Derived Beta-Glucan Against Cervical Cancer Cell Line

research Investigation on antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-cancerous activity of Agaricus bisporus derived β-Glucan against cervical cancer cell line

2 citations , September 2022 in “Cellular and molecular biology”

Agaricus bisporus derived β-Glucan could be an effective cervical cancer treatment with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

A Model for the Turnover of Dihydrotestosterone in the Presence of the Irreversible 5α-Reductase Inhibitors GI198745 and Finasteride

research A model for the turnover of dihydrotestosterone in the presence of the irreversible 5α-reductase inhibitors GI198745 and finasteride

60 citations , December 1998 in “Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics”

Both drugs lower DHT levels, with GI198745 being more effective.

research Absorption sites of orally administered drugs in the small intestine

55 citations , September 2017 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery”

Different factors affect where drugs are absorbed in the small intestine, which is important for effective medication use.

research Pharmacological Inhibition of Stearoyl CoA Desaturase in the Skin Induces Atrophy of the Sebaceous Glands

25 citations , February 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Blocking SCD1 in the skin with XEN103 shrinks sebaceous glands in mice.

research Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy Quantifies Calcium Oscillations in Root Hairs ofArabidopsis thaliana

56 citations , March 2017 in “Plant and Cell Physiology”

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy effectively measures calcium changes in Arabidopsis root hairs.

research Biomarkers of selenium status in dogs

11 citations , January 2016 in “BMC veterinary research”

Urinary Se to creatinine ratio, serum Se, and glutathione peroxidase are effective early biomarkers for selenium status in dogs.

research Baicalin inhibits recruitment of GATA1 to the HSD3B2 promoter and reverses hyperandrogenism of PCOS

12 citations , January 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology”

Baicalin may help reduce excessive male hormone levels in PCOS.

research In vitro and in vivo study of dye diffusion into the human skin and hair follicles

69 citations , January 2002 in “Journal of biomedical optics”

Dyes can penetrate human skin and hair follicles up to 1.2 mm deep and the sebaceous gland can store dye; Indocyanine Green lotion was made for safe dyeing and monitoring.

research Nitric Oxide: Physiological Functions, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications

10 citations , August 2023 in “Advanced Science”

Nitric Oxide has potential in medicine, especially for infections and heart treatments, but its short life and delivery challenges limit its use.

research Methyl Jasmonate Activates the 2C Methyl-D-erithrytol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate Synthase Gene and Stimulates Tanshinone Accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza Solid Callus Cultures

6 citations , March 2022 in “Molecules”

Methyl jasmonate boosts tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza callus cultures.

Herbal Shampoo Formulations Enriched With Phytoconstituents as Effective Alternatives to Ketoconazole: Comparative Physicochemical and Antifungal Evaluation Against Malassezia Furfur

research Herbal Shampoo Formulations Enriched with Phytoconstituents as Effective Alternatives to Ketoconazole: Comparative Physicochemical and Antifungal Evaluation Against Malassezia furfur

April 2026 in “International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology”

Herbal shampoos with natural ingredients are a safe and effective alternative to ketoconazole for treating seborrheic dermatitis.

research Developmental Toxicity of Levo-Alpha-Acetylmethadol (LAAM) in Tolerant Rats

4 citations , March 2002 in “International journal of toxicology”

LAAM caused developmental toxicity in tolerant rats without causing birth defects.

research Treatment of Severe Hypertension with Minoxidil: Advantages and Limitations

37 citations , April 1979 in “The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology”

Minoxidil effectively controls blood pressure but side effects may limit its use.

research Latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution 0.024% in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma: design, development, and place in therapy

12 citations , December 2018 in “Clinical Ophthalmology”

Latanoprostene bunod effectively lowers eye pressure and is better tolerated than other glaucoma medications.

research Therapeutic inhibition of keratinocyte TRPV3 sensory channel by local anesthetic dyclonine

3 citations , September 2020

Dyclonine can effectively reduce skin issues by inhibiting the TRPV3 channel.

$Minoxidil: An Alternative to Nephrectomy for Refractory Hypertension$

research Minoxidil — An Alternative to Nephrectomy for Refractory Hypertension

180 citations , July 1973 in “The New England Journal of Medicine”

Minoxidil effectively lowers blood pressure with few side effects.