179 citations
,
May 1982 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” High levels of 3 alpha-diol glucuronide in the blood are a marker of increased androgen action in women with excessive hair growth of unknown cause.
12 citations
,
February 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The enzyme type 1 5α-reductase is more active in the hair follicle's lower part than in the skin's outer layer.
16 citations
,
January 1998 in “Dermatology” Human sebaceous glands can grow normally for a week without certain growth factors, and adding estrogen reduces their oil production without affecting cell growth.
116 citations
,
April 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Trichohyalin is a protein in hair follicles that helps form hair filaments.
56 citations
,
September 2013 in “Experimental Dermatology” The guide explains how to study human and mouse sebaceous glands using various staining and imaging techniques, and emphasizes the need for standardized assessment methods.
29 citations
,
January 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Fat under the skin releases HGF which helps hair grow and gain color.
53 citations
,
October 1984 in “Endocrine reviews” Excessive hair growth in women often has no known cause and is not linked to race or other hormonal symptoms.
6 citations
,
November 1984 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica” Hair follicles and sweat glands show different keratin staining patterns.
11 citations
,
January 1977 in “Archives of dermatological research” Mouse tail skin has different keratinization near hair follicles and scales.
October 2022 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine” Females with idiopathic hirsutism have higher levels of omentin-1, which may lead to excessive hair growth.
January 2019 in “Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies” Ruminant goats have larger and more defined hair follicles than younger goats.
4 citations
,
May 2006 in “médecine/sciences” The hairless gene is crucial for hair health, and its mutations cause hair loss.
December 2025 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” Scalp apocrine glands may help remove waste and balance electrolytes, but their role is not fully understood.
1 citations
,
April 2008 in “Experimental Dermatology” Hidradenitis suppurativa may mainly affect vellus hair follicles, not terminal ones.
3 citations
,
April 2014 in “Anatomy Research International” Buffalo mammary glands develop in stages from 34 to 229 days during prenatal growth.
8 citations
,
February 1968 in “Australian Journal of Zoology” The southern elephant seal's skin layer helps waterproof the skin by being tightly connected to hair shafts.
13 citations
,
January 2007 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Papain cream removes hair better than papain gel, causing hair follicles to widen and skin to thicken.
22 citations
,
June 2008 in “Experimental Dermatology” Heparanase is essential for hair follicle health and inner root sheath differentiation.
14 citations
,
September 2007 in “Steroids” The study concluded that androstendione and DHEA are important for diagnosing high male hormone levels in women with excessive hair growth.
97 citations
,
March 2009 in “Dermato-endocrinology” Hormones significantly affect hair and oil gland function in the skin, and more research is needed on skin-related hormone disorders.
1 citations
,
February 2022 in “Case reports in endocrinology” An unusual growth of Leydig cells in a woman's ovaries caused her excessive hair growth, which was treated successfully with surgery.
48 citations
,
July 1993 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Merkel cells are abundant in facial vellus hair follicles, especially during the anagen phase.
108 citations
,
October 2003 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Trichohyalin makes hair follicles stronger.
March 2021 in “Bioscientia medicina” Androgen affects oil production and hair growth in the skin.
4 citations
,
January 1991 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” Goserelin and oestradiol treatment slightly improved hairiness but did not significantly change sebum production or hair characteristics in mildly hirsute women.
September 2025 in “SKINdeep” Sebaceous glands help protect and maintain healthy skin and hair.
54 citations
,
November 1994 in “Differentiation” Trichohyalin is found in non-hair tissues and works with filaggrin in certain skin areas and conditions.
173 citations
,
July 1995 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications” Male hormones promote hair cell growth by using a growth factor from nearby skin cells.
April 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Sweat gland development involves two unique skin cell programs and a temporary skin environment.
60 citations
,
March 2009 in “Dermato-Endocrinology” The exact molecular mechanisms of sebaceous gland function are still unclear.