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The length of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene is linked to ovarian reserve but does not affect how the ovaries respond to stimulation.

Machine learning can accurately diagnose PCOS non-invasively using clinical and ultrasound features.

Isotretinoin was not effective in treating facial lichen planopilaris.

Eating cream can increase ovarian androgen production in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, which is not related to obesity.

Older patients with Cushing's syndrome often have different symptoms and treatment outcomes compared to younger patients.

Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.

Ciproterone acetate improves hair regrowth and acne in most female patients.

CB-03-01 is a promising skin cream for treating hormone-related skin problems without causing harmful body-wide effects.

Metformin can cause hair loss in some women with PCOS.

Adding dutasteride to therapy may improve treatment for advanced salivary duct cancer.

Certain drugs, especially antiandrogens and spironolactone, significantly increase the risk of gynecomastia.

Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.

A young woman's rare ovarian tumor was successfully removed, improving her hormonal symptoms.

The index to ring finger ratio may indicate disease severity in female ankylosing spondylitis patients, but not in males.

A man with testotoxicosis was fertile despite low FSH levels, suggesting high testosterone may allow sperm production without FSH.

Some ovarian tumors can cause masculinization, and it's important to check for various causes when this symptom is present.

Doctors used a special blood sampling technique to diagnose a woman's rare ovarian tumor that was producing male hormones.

Genetic variations contribute to over 10% of recurrent early pregnancy loss cases.

A teenage girl had both a rare ovarian tumor and a severe form of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Women with different PCOS types have similar fertility treatment results.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

The document concludes that sex hormones are crucial for mammalian reproduction, health, and behavior, and require more research for therapeutic use.

Molecular diagnostics help identify genetic defects causing endocrine diseases, improving diagnosis and treatment options.

ChatGPT-5 can pass the endocrinology exam but isn't fully reliable for clinical decisions yet.

The document does not determine if adults with aphallia are fertile.

Women with PCOS have a similar chance of getting pregnant using assisted reproductive treatment as those without PCOS.

A rare benign tumor was found in a man's scrotum, highlighting the need for accurate diagnosis.

A woman's mature cystic teratoma caused her virilization by producing testosterone.

Hormone imbalances from the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands can cause infertility, but treating these disorders can improve fertility.

The document suggests new ways to assess and diagnose hyperandrogenism to improve accuracy.