December 2021 in “Journal of natural fibers” The conclusion is that new methods for isolating hair cuticle cells and removing the cuticle layer are effective and convenient.
April 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” A gene variant causes patched hair loss in mice, similar to alopecia areata in humans.
August 2005 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Polymethylene wax in hair relaxers makes hair smooth and shiny with less damage.
15 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
52 citations
,
August 1978 in “Journal of Applied Polymer Science” Human hair's ability to get wet is complex and can change with treatments, damage, and environment.
47 citations
,
June 1996 in “International Journal of Legal Medicine” Hair analysis for drugs needs a better understanding of how drugs enter hair, considering factors like hair structure and pigmentation.
45 citations
,
December 2006 in “Biopolymers” Permanent waving weakens hair by altering its protein structure.
44 citations
,
August 1990 in “PubMed” Keratins K1 and K10 are found in the inner root sheath and cuticle of human hair follicles.
42 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Infrared and Raman imaging can non-destructively analyze hair structure and help diagnose hair conditions.
31 citations
,
December 2002 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. G, General subjects/Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects (Online)” The research found two types of calcium in human hair, one that varies among individuals and another that is consistent across people.
24 citations
,
November 2015 in “Scientific reports” Human hair has a new region with ordered filaments and the cuticle contains β-keratin sheets.
23 citations
,
August 2019 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Pollution exposure speeds up hair damage.
18 citations
,
November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” Antler velvet hair and body hair of red deer have different structures that help with protection and insulation.
17 citations
,
June 2014 in “Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine” Abnormal cuticle and hair shaft medulla cause hair loss in androgenetic alopecia; sonography helps diagnose and manage it.
14 citations
,
October 2019 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” Micrografts promote hair growth in androgenetic alopecia treatment.
11 citations
,
May 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” KRTAP10 proteins help form the hair shaft's tough outer layer by interacting with specific hair keratins.
4 citations
,
January 2025 in “Diagnostics” High-frequency ultrasonography helps diagnose and manage hair and nail disorders safely and effectively.
4 citations
,
June 2019 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Heat transfer in hair is slower in groups of hair, increasing the risk of damage from high-temperature styling tools.
4 citations
,
January 2000 Piedraia hortae fungi dissolve both the outer and inner layers of hair.
2 citations
,
December 2023 in “Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks” Hair is a complex organ, and understanding its detailed structure and growth phases is crucial for analyzing substances within it.
2 citations
,
February 2016 in “Journal of sol-gel science and technology” A small molecule can strengthen fine hair, making it more resistant and natural-feeling.
1 citations
,
April 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Climate-related nutritional stress may cause hair loss in juvenile male Guadalupe fur seals.
Non-invasive methods can effectively diagnose and manage alopecia areata.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” Ultrasonic and infrared treatments can improve hair strength and appearance with minimal damage.
January 2019 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)” Advanced microscopy shows hair damage and keratin proteins' roles, aiding future cosmetic treatments.
August 2007 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Hair fibers break by cuticle cell slipping, shape changing, cuticle fraying, and surface cracking when stretched under specific conditions.
42 citations
,
July 2015 in “Cosmetics” Nanotechnology improves hair care products by enhancing ingredient stability, targeting treatment, and reducing side effects, but more research on its toxicity is needed.
20 citations
,
January 2003 in “Journal of oleo science” Chemical treatments and daily stresses damage hair, especially the cuticle layer.
19 citations
,
January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Heat damages hair, with Asian hair losing more protein than Caucasian hair.