71 citations
,
June 2006 in “Human Reproduction” Women with PCOS who have low SHBG are more likely to have low good cholesterol and metabolic syndrome.
59 citations
,
February 2021 in “BMJ” High doses of cyproterone acetate increase the risk of brain tumors in women, but the risk decreases after stopping the medication.
49 citations
,
June 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cyproterone acetate plus ethinyl estradiol is generally more effective in treating hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient characteristics.
21 citations
,
January 2003 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Different skin cells process testosterone differently, and certain drugs can change this process, possibly helping treat acne and hair loss.
18 citations
,
March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.
17 citations
,
August 2015 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” The study found that urine metabolites M1b or M4 are the best indicators of ATD use in horses, with detection possible up to 77 hours in urine and 28 hours in blood.
16 citations
,
August 2014 in “International Journal of Women's Health” The estradiol valerate/dienogest oral contraceptive helps with heavy periods, may improve acne and symptoms in PCOS, and doesn't affect sexual function.
9 citations
,
January 2007 in “Endocrine Practice” A woman's male-like symptoms and high testosterone were due to ovarian hilus-cell hyperplasia, which improved after surgery.
6 citations
,
January 2017 in “Annals of Dermatology” Combination of 17α-estradiol and minoxidil improves hair growth and reduces hair loss in most patients.
3 citations
,
April 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Women with PCOS have lower adiponectin hormone levels and are more likely to have insulin resistance.
3 citations
,
July 2018 in “JAAPA” Some birth control pills can cause hair loss, and switching to ones with less androgen should help.
1 citations
,
May 2014 in “European Journal of Inflammation” A lotion with minoxidil, hydrocortisone butyrate, and 17a-estradiol can improve or stabilize Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia in some cases, but there's no universally-accepted treatment yet.
July 2020 in “International Journal of Research” High testosterone increases heart disease risk in women with PCOS.
February 2020 in “İstanbul medical journal” Metformin improves early signs of heart disease in women with PCOS and raises apelin levels, but doesn't significantly change artery thickness.
83 citations
,
April 1992 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Having enough iron improves the effectiveness of a specific hair loss treatment in women.
August 2019 in “Journal of archaeological science: Reports/Journal of archaeological science: reports” Ancient hair can preserve hormones, revealing health and fertility insights.
51 citations
,
October 2002 in “European journal of endocrinology” Low-dose finasteride effectively treats hirsutism, is safe, and cost-effective.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
32 citations
,
December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” 17-β-Estradiol applied to the skin stops hair growth, while ICI 182 780 helps hair grow in mice.
6 citations
,
February 2021 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” 150 kHz electromagnetic radiation might help improve PCOS in rats.
June 2022 in “Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences” Higher testosterone harms sperm motility, while higher estradiol improves sperm survival.
7 citations
,
January 2015 in “Case reports in genetics” Using SNP array testing helped quickly find the gene causing Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome in two related individuals.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
1 citations
,
March 2021 in “Journal of Dermatology Research and Therapy” Women with cicatricial hair loss may have a higher risk of hypertension.
77 citations
,
April 2004 in “Gene expression patterns” The three estrogen receptor genes are highly expressed in zebrafish neuromasts during development.
34 citations
,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Many young Italian women have hyperandrogenic disorders like PCOS, which are linked to age, body weight, and insulin resistance.
2 citations
,
January 2014 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Women with a certain type of tumor had higher levels of pregnancy hormone and male hormones, which decreased after treatment.
January 2016 in “Journal of SAFOG” Girls with PCOS and menstrual disorders have notably higher androgen hormone levels.
50 citations
,
May 2004 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Estrogens generally inhibit hair growth and improve skin quality, but their exact effects on hair follicles are complex and not fully understood.
25 citations
,
November 2013 in “PLoS ONE” Estrogen and androgen signals control synaptic changes in rat brains.