December 2023 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Excess androgens may cause PCOS, not just be a symptom.
October 2018 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” Higher testosterone levels in Nigerian women with PCOS are linked to glucose disorders like diabetes.
April 2017 in “Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences” Most women with excess hair growth had Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and severity wasn't linked to hormone levels.
February 2018 in “InTech eBooks” Diagnosing and treating PCOS is complex due to differing criteria and requires a team approach.
222 citations
,
January 2014 in “International journal of reproductive medicine” Insulin resistance and obesity are key factors in the development and worsening of polycystic ovary syndrome, and lifestyle changes are important for managing it.
56 citations
,
October 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Androgens play a complex role in skin conditions like acne and hair loss in women, and normal blood levels don't always show true androgen status.
39 citations
,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” Eating high glycemic foods and drinking milk may worsen acne by increasing insulin and IGF-1 levels.
6 citations
,
March 1982 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” The document says that hair loss in women is often due to androgenic alopecia, similar to male baldness, and that hirsutism is treated with hormonal and cosmetic methods.
1 citations
,
February 2018 in “InTech eBooks” PCOS in lean women is a serious health condition with implications beyond fertility, affecting metabolism and increasing cardiovascular disease risk.
1744 citations
,
August 2006 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Polycystic Ovary Syndrome should be seen mainly as a condition of excess male hormones, with a focus on this in its definition.
88 citations
,
June 2016 in “Human Reproduction Update” New hormonal contraceptives are safer, have fewer side effects, and offer health benefits for women.
36 citations
,
November 1995 in “Clinical endocrinology” Low-dose flutamide helps reduce excessive hair growth and is even more effective with birth control, without bad effects on blood fats.
21 citations
,
March 2013 in “Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention” Early-onset baldness is linked to a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer in African-American men, especially before age 60.
9 citations
,
November 1993 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Some men can have female pattern baldness without hormonal abnormalities or signs of feminization.
3 citations
,
May 1990 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Some women with excess hair growth have a hormone condition that can't be diagnosed by blood or urine tests alone.
2 citations
,
June 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” The type of PCOS a woman has doesn't strongly predict her skin or metabolic symptoms; obesity is a more important factor.
February 2024 in “Malahayati Nursing Journal” High androgen levels can cause hirsutism and increase inflammation.
November 2023 in “Manuju” Treating hyperprolactinemia can help manage PCOS symptoms.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
January 2010 in “CNR Solar (Scientific Open-access Literature Archive and Repository) (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche)” Metformin and clomiphene citrate together improve pregnancy chances and reduce miscarriages in women with PCOS.
2 citations
,
November 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” Reducing granulosa cell pyroptosis may improve oocyte maturation in PCOS.
10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Cases Journal” A woman's masculine symptoms were caused by an ovarian tumor, which improved after surgery.
A thorough diagnostic process and teamwork are crucial for managing complex hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women.
20 citations
,
April 2021 in “Journal of Womens Health” Testosterone can help premenopausal and postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but its long-term safety is unclear and it's not widely approved for this use.
1 citations
,
September 2012 in “Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgen replacement therapy can improve libido and mood in women with severe androgen deficiency, but more research is needed on its long-term safety.
36 citations
,
January 2017 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” The review found no clear link between vitamin D receptor gene variations and polycystic ovary syndrome.
27 citations
,
April 2017 in “European journal of endocrinology” The research found that MRI and certain hormone levels can help tell apart ovarian tumors from hyperthecosis in postmenopausal women, but tissue analysis is still needed for a definite diagnosis.
20 citations
,
June 2010 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Women with mild acne are more likely to have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) than those without acne.
15 citations
,
February 2019 in “Internal Medicine Journal” Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.
15 citations
,
October 2011 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Obesity changes androgen levels in women with PCOS, leading to higher testosterone relative to androstenedione.