July 2025 in “Archives of Sexual Behavior” Men's facial appearance shows age, body fat, and testosterone levels, not metabolic health.
December 2023 in “ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE” Spexin levels are lower in PCOS patients and linked to metabolic and hormonal issues.
October 2023 in “ANNALS OF PAKISTAN MEDICAL & ALLIED PROFESSIONALS” Insulin resistance is strongly linked to higher androgen levels in women with PCOS.
December 2022 in “The Indian journal of chest diseases & allied sciences” Women with PCOS often have sleep problems, including sleep apnea, which are linked to obesity and depression.
September 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Probiotics and synbiotics may help with PCOS symptoms, but more research is needed.
June 2022 in “Journal of the turkish academy of dermatology” People with plantar corns and calluses may have a higher chance of having metabolic syndrome.
February 2020 in “İstanbul medical journal” Metformin improves early signs of heart disease in women with PCOS and raises apelin levels, but doesn't significantly change artery thickness.
May 2026 in “The EMBO Journal” Skin aging can be slowed by targeting cells, hormones, and the microbiome.
29 citations
,
March 2010 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Lipocalin-2 levels are higher in women with PCOS and may indicate insulin resistance.
149 citations
,
December 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have overall higher body fat, not abnormal fat placement, and more insulin resistance.
119 citations
,
November 2009 in “Human Reproduction” Women with PCOS and higher androgen levels are more likely to have fatty liver disease.
100 citations
,
June 2002 in “Diabetologia” Parents of women with PCOS have a higher risk of Type II diabetes and insulin resistance, especially fathers.
75 citations
,
July 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Taking low-dose spironolactone and metformin together works better for PCOS symptoms than either drug alone.
45 citations
,
January 2013 in “Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences” Women with PCOS are more likely to have fatty liver disease, especially if they have metabolic problems.
44 citations
,
March 2008 in “European journal of endocrinology” Women with PCOS have lower ghrelin levels and a weaker response to sugar, which might affect their feeling of fullness and lead to overeating.
43 citations
,
May 1988 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Patients with acanthosis nigricans often have insulin resistance and signs of increased male hormones, but treatment targeting these male hormones is generally ineffective.
35 citations
,
March 2011 in “International Journal of Dermatology” No true link between AGA and insulin resistance, but coexistence may worsen AGA.
34 citations
,
February 2016 in “Fertility and Sterility” More PDCD4 is linked to obesity, insulin problems, and cell death in ovaries for those with polycystic ovary syndrome.
34 citations
,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Many young Italian women have hyperandrogenic disorders like PCOS, which are linked to age, body weight, and insulin resistance.
27 citations
,
December 2016 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Certain skin conditions can indicate insulin resistance and should prompt lifestyle changes and medical treatment to manage underlying health issues.
26 citations
,
June 2014 in “Fertility and Sterility” Teens with PCOS and a mom with PCOS have higher insulin resistance and lower adiponectin levels, which could signal early metabolic problems.
21 citations
,
August 2014 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Higher hs-CRP levels in Indian adolescent women with PCOS are more related to BMI than PCOS itself.
20 citations
,
March 2017 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Women with PCOS have higher 5α-reductase activity, which may be linked to insulin resistance.
20 citations
,
October 2008 in “European journal of endocrinology” Lower lipin 1β in belly fat is linked to insulin resistance in people with polycystic ovary syndrome.
19 citations
,
November 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Isotretinoin improves severe acne without changing androgen or insulin levels but may increase body weight and triglycerides.
18 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy” Eating less starch and dairy helped overweight women with PCOS lose weight and improve symptoms.
17 citations
,
December 2008 in “Dermatology” Taking metformin with intense-pulsed-light therapy improves hair removal for people with PCOS.
16 citations
,
March 2015 in “Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift” Vitamin D deficiency is common in women with PCOS and linked to some metabolic problems, but not the main cause of their metabolic issues.
13 citations
,
April 2015 in “Human Reproduction” Obese Hispanic women with PCOS are at higher risk for metabolic problems than non-Hispanic white women.
10 citations
,
September 2015 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Both treatments reduced excessive hair growth in PCOS, but there was no difference in weight, hair score, hormone levels, or insulin resistance.