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GlossaryHormone Signaling

chemical messengers travel through blood to regulate body functions

Hormone signaling, also known as endocrine signaling, is a process where hormones, which are chemical messengers produced by glands, travel through the bloodstream to target organs or cells. These hormones bind to specific receptors on or inside the target cells, triggering a response that regulates various physiological activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

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research Arabidopsis ADF8 and ADF11 contribute to root hair growth to respond to hormone and environmental signals

February 2026 in “The Plant Journal”

ADF8 and ADF11 help root hairs grow by responding to hormones and environmental signals.

Neuroendocrinology of Human Scalp Hair Follicles: Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Stimulates Hair Growth and Controls a Fully Functional Intrafollicular Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Somatotropic Signaling Axis

research 562 Neuroendocrinology of human scalp hair follicles: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates hair growth and controls a fully functional intrafollicular hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic (HPS) signaling axis

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) boosts hair growth and human scalp hair follicles have their own growth hormone system.

research Hormone-induced aberrations in electromagnetic adhesion signaling as a developmental factor of androgenetic alopecia

4 citations , April 2002 in “Medical Hypotheses”

Hormones cause hair loss by affecting cell growth and weakening cell attraction.

research [G-proteins, receptor signal transduction, and growth hormone secretion].

March 1993 in “PubMed”

The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.

research Hormonal regulation in male androgenetic alopecia—Sex hormones and beyond: Evidence from recent genetic studies

15 citations , June 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Hormones and genes affect hair growth and male baldness.

research [Implication of VEGF, steroid hormones and neuropeptides in hair follicle cell responses].

12 citations , May 2002 in “PubMed”

Hair growth is regulated by a combination of hormones, blood vessels, and nerve signals.

research Redefining hormone resistance in prostate cancer

38 citations , December 2009 in “Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology”

The conclusion suggests that prostate cancer should be classified by castration status and that new therapies targeting androgen receptor signaling show promise.

research Thyroid Hormone Receptor Agonist Promotes Hair Growth in Mice

1 citations , February 2022 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

TDM10842, a thyroid hormone receptor activator, was found to effectively promote hair growth in mice.

research Hormone-dependent medial preoptic/lumbar spinal cord/autonomic coordination supporting male sexual behaviors

28 citations , November 2017 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology”

Testosterone and its byproducts help support male sexual behavior through different pathways in the brain and body.

research IMPACT OF MERCURY ON SEX HORMONES (LITERATURE REVIEW)

1 citations , December 2024 in “Bulletin of Osh State University”

Mercury can disrupt sex hormones and cause reproductive issues.

research MON-203 Dermatological Effects Of Hormone Replacement Therapy

October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society”

Hormone Replacement Therapy improves skin health in postmenopausal women by boosting collagen and hydration.

research Hormonal Regulation and Systemic Signals of Skin Aging

January 2015 in “Springer eBooks”

Hormones affect skin aging, and treatments targeting hormonal balance may improve skin health.

research Rooster feathering, androgenic alopecia, and hormone-dependent tumor growth: What is in common?

23 citations , December 2004 in “Differentiation”

Sex hormones affect hair and feather growth and may help manage alopecia and hormone-dependent cancers.

research Signaling and Gene Expression for Water-Tolerant Legume Nodulation

22 citations , August 2006 in “Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences”

The tropical legume Sesbania rostrata can form nodules in waterlogged conditions using a different method that involves plant hormones and specific genes.

research HaCaT keratinocytes express functional receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone

6 citations , May 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Human skin cells can respond to thyroid-stimulating hormone, affecting hair and skin health.

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Estrogen Differentially Regulate Prolactin and Prolactin Receptor Expression in Female Human Skin and Hair Follicles In Vitro

research Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and oestrogen differentially regulate prolactin and prolactin receptor expression in female human skin and hair follicles in vitro

37 citations , March 2010 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Oestrogen and thyrotropin-releasing hormone affect prolactin and its receptor in human skin and hair, suggesting new treatment options for related conditions.

research Stem cells and aberrant signaling of molecular systems in skin aging

25 citations , November 2014 in “Ageing Research Reviews”

Skin aging is caused by stem cell damage and can potentially be delayed with treatments like antioxidants and stem cell therapy.

research Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B deficiency due to a novel missense mutation in the coiled-coil domain

14 citations , September 2018 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology”

A boy's growth and immune problems were caused by a new mutation in the STAT5B gene.

research 457 Impact of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on mitochondrial function in human dermal fibroblasts

November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Alpha-MSH affects mitochondrial function, and MC1R mutations may increase skin aging.

research Androgen Signaling in Sertoli Cells

January 2014 in “theses.fr (ABES)”

Androgens regulate Sertoli cells and affect fertility through specific receptors and coregulators.

research Regulation of human hair growth: hormones and neuropeptides

January 2016 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)”

Hormones and neuropeptides affect hair growth, with androgens having opposite effects on beard and scalp hair.

research Prolactin: A Mammalian Stress Hormone and Its Role in Cutaneous Pathophysiology

3 citations , June 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Prolactin affects skin health and may lead to new treatments for skin and hair issues.

Alleviation of Androgenetic Alopecia with Aqueous Paeonia Lactiflora and Poria Cocos Extract Intake Through Suppressing the Steroid Hormone and Inflammatory Pathway

research Alleviation of Androgenetic Alopecia with Aqueous Paeonia lactiflora and Poria cocos Extract Intake through Suppressing the Steroid Hormone and Inflammatory Pathway

4 citations , November 2021 in “Pharmaceuticals”

Paeonia lactiflora and Poria cocos extracts can potentially increase hair growth and reduce hair loss symptoms by lowering testosterone and inflammation levels.

research Hair Follicle Pigmentation

450 citations , January 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Hair color is determined by melanin produced and transferred in hair follicles.

research Calcineurin/Nfatc1 signaling links skin stem cell quiescence to hormonal signaling during pregnancy and lactation

40 citations , April 2014 in “Genes & Development”

Hormones during pregnancy and lactation keep skin stem cells inactive, preventing hair growth.

research Fundamental hair follicle biology and fine fibre production in animals

170 citations , January 2010 in “animal”

Hair follicle growth and fiber production in animals are influenced by chemical signals, proteins, pigmentation, genetics, and nutrients.

research The Hair Follicle as an Estrogen Target and Source

159 citations , July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews”

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

research Switching roles: the functional plasticity of adult tissue stem cells

87 citations , March 2015 in “The EMBO Journal”

Adult tissue stem cells can adapt and switch roles to help repair and maintain the body.

Intraovarian Vascular Enhancement via Stromal Injection of Platelet-Derived Growth Factors: Exploring Subsequent Oocyte Chromosomal Status and In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes

research Intraovarian vascular enhancement via stromal injection of platelet-derived growth factors: Exploring subsequent oocyte chromosomal status and in vitro fertilization outcomes

25 citations , May 2020 in “Daehan saengsik uihak hoeji/Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine”

Injecting platelet-derived growth factors into ovaries may improve IVF outcomes by enhancing egg quality and embryo health.

research Progressive expression of PPARGC1α is associated with hair miniaturization in androgenetic alopecia

8 citations , June 2019 in “Scientific Reports”

Increased PPARGC1α relates to hair thinning in common baldness.