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Two new enzymes, PAD-R11 and PAD-R4, were cloned and showed activity, with PAD-R11 resembling epidermal enzymes.

Genetically modified rats help reveal how vitamin D affects bone and skin health.

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is crucial for gecko tail regeneration.

Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.

TRPS1 is crucial for bone, kidney, and hair follicle development.

Genetically modified cells can regenerate skin and hair in rats.

Researchers converted human embryonic stem cells into trophoblast stem cells using specific transcription factors.

Researchers cloned a gene from Xinjiang fine-wool sheep, finding it very similar to other sheep and somewhat similar to goats, humans, and rabbits.

New mouse models help study melanocytic cells for melanoma research.

A new mutation in the FLCN gene linked to Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome was found, suggesting people with certain lung collapse should be tested for this mutation and screened for kidney and colon cancer.

A new gene mutation causes vitamin D resistance and hair loss in two unrelated girls.

Recombinant goat VEGF164 speeds up hair growth in mice.

Mutant CDP/Cux protein causes hair defects and reduced male fertility in mice.

SLICK cattle have better heat tolerance due to specific gene expression and pathway differences.

KGF-1 135 is a stable and effective alternative for treating oral mucositis.

Different hair fiber development might explain why hair loss severity varies in patients with a specific genetic mutation, and treatments that thicken hair could help.

Certain mutations in the H6PD gene cause Cortisone Reductase Deficiency by affecting hormone production.

Overexpression of hurpin in mice leads to abnormal skin and higher skin cancer risk.

A faulty KLHL24 gene leads to hair loss by damaging hair follicle stem cells.

Stem cells from whiskers can be transplanted to stimulate hair growth.

The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.

Scientists made a mouse model of a serious skin cancer by changing skin cells with a virus and a specific gene, which is similar to the disease in humans.

Seven genes are highly expressed in both germ-line and hematopoietic stem cells.

A new keratin, hK6irs1, is found in all layers of the hair follicle's inner root sheath.

Myoblast transplantation shows promise for treating various muscle and heart conditions.

A 4kb fragment of the desmocollin 3 promoter targets gene expression to specific skin and hair follicle areas.

HPV8 causes hair follicle stem cells to grow, leading to skin lesions.

Platelet lysate is better than fetal bovine serum for growing stem cells and healing wounds.

Altering the keratin 17 gene in mice hair follicles caused temporary hair issues, but changes were minimal and short-lived.

A mutation in mice causes hair loss and skin issues due to a defect in a gene affecting cell adhesion.