44 citations
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May 2008 in “Acta Zoologica” Keratinization in embryos helped vertebrates adapt to land by forming a protective skin barrier.
February 2023 in “Mağallaẗ Tikrīt li-l-ʻulūm al-ṣirfaẗ/Tikrit journal of pure science” Horse skin has a layered epidermis, a dermis with hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and is supplied by small arteries.
7 citations
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March 1986 in “British Veterinary Journal” Canine skin has two main layers: the epidermis and dermis, with a supportive subcutis layer.
1 citations
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January 2007 in “AIP conference proceedings” High-resolution x-ray images showed three main structures in human hair: medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
January 2020 in “프로그램북(구 초록집)” The skin has two main layers, the epidermis and dermis, which work together and are essential for diagnosing skin conditions.
January 2025 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Hox proteins help maintain keratinocyte identity by regulating miRNA expression.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair growth is driven by cells that move and change like a conveyor belt.
Insect eggshells form through specialized cell processes and gene regulation, with potential for pest control innovations.
1 citations
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September 2023 in “Genes” DNA methylation likely doesn't cause different lambskin patterns in Hu sheep.
11 citations
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January 2016 in “Biointerphases” The hair's outermost surface has multiple layers of lipids and proteins.
110 citations
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August 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The ventral matrix is the main source of the nail plate.
4 citations
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October 2018 in “Cell Stem Cell” Hox genes control hair growth patterns in mammals by regulating stem cell activity in the skin.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Early and late matrix progenitors in hair follicles create different cell layers, with early ones forming the companion layer and later ones forming the inner root sheath and hair shaft.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human-induced stem cell-created skin models can help understand skin diseases by studying the skin's layers.
September 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The hexosamine pathway helps maintain healthy skin by affecting the skin's structure and possibly increasing hair follicle stem cells.
June 2026 in “Communications Biology” Hoxc13 and hair keratin are needed for forming rough skin on frog mating pads.
27 citations
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May 2019 in “Cosmetics” The hair cuticle is made of tough proteins that protect the hair, but more research is needed to fully understand its structure.
February 2019 in “American International Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences” The dermis of Millivora Capenesis has two layers with various connective tissues, blood vessels, glands, and sensory structures.
61 citations
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February 1997 in “Differentiation” Hair differentiation starts earlier than thought, involving multiple type-II keratins.
24 citations
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December 1957 in “Experimental Cell Research” The glassy layer of hair follicles has different fibril sizes and arrangements in guinea pigs and young mice.
August 2016 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The hexosamine pathway helps protect skin cells from stress and may improve skin and hair health.
43 citations
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August 2018 in “Cell Stem Cell” Hoxc genes control hair growth through Wnt signaling.
128 citations
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March 1989 in “Experimental Cell Research” Hoxc13 is important for hair and tongue development by controlling hair keratin genes.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Deleting the Hoxc13 gene in frogs shows its crucial role in developing skin structures similar to hair.
11 citations
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April 1993 in “PubMed” Human hair cells can change based on their environment, especially interactions with certain skin cells.
277 citations
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July 2011 in “Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association” The skin's layers protect, sense, and regulate the body's internal balance, but can be prone to cancer.
14 citations
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May 2022 in “Stem cell reports” The study created hair-bearing skin models that lack a key protein for skin layer attachment, limiting their use for certain skin disease research.
65 citations
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December 2000 in “PubMed” The biology of skin and hair is complex and not fully understood.
May 2026 in “Research Square” The polyG fragment in Hoxc13 protein helps evolve mammalian skin and hair by enhancing gene interactions.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”