46 citations
,
April 2020 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Hydroquinone may harm skin, while kojic acid and aloe vera could reduce its negative effects.
38 citations
,
August 2015 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” Topical flutamide works as well as hydroquinone for melasma but needs more safety checks.
36 citations
,
June 2016 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” The combination therapy significantly improved Riehl’s melanosis in patients without serious side effects.
34 citations
,
February 2012 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Dermatoscopy can help identify hydroquinone-induced skin issues, avoiding invasive biopsies.
23 citations
,
March 2017 in “PTR. Phytotherapy research/Phytotherapy research” Butin is effective in treating vitiligo in mice.
21 citations
,
September 2013 in “Current medicinal chemistry” HAC and BAC improve skin targeting and reduce diffusion without causing irritation.
18 citations
,
May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Aging and sun damage do not increase the skin's absorption of certain sunscreens and drugs.
August 2025 in “Annals of Medicine” Mycophenolate mofetil may safely help restore skin color in depigmentation conditions.
January 2024 in “Dermatology Review” Combining PRP with hydroquinone is more effective for treating melasma than using hydroquinone alone.
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Using skin lightening products with hydroquinone can increase blood sugar levels in diabetic women.
February 2009 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Both skin products were equally effective in improving facial discoloration and skin quality.
20 citations
,
December 2006 in “Archives of dermatology” 43 citations
,
November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research” Fractional CO2 laser treatment significantly boosts drug and nanoparticle skin absorption, especially through hair follicles.
31 citations
,
February 1999 in “Dermatologic surgery” Sun exposure after laser hair removal can cause skin darkening, which is hard to treat and requires avoiding UV light.
19 citations
,
January 2007 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin” Glycine reduces skin pigmentation by lowering melanin production.
15 citations
,
December 2016 in “Obstetrics & Gynecology” Most skin changes during pregnancy are harmless and moles don't significantly change, but many women experience pigmentation changes due to hormones and sun exposure.
12 citations
,
January 2021 in “Dermatology Research and Practice” The 1927 nm Thulium laser effectively and safely treats postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in darker skin tones.
10 citations
,
June 2011 in “PubMed” Most skin care products are safe during pregnancy, but avoid hydroquinone and tretinoin.
10 citations
,
January 1967 in “PubMed” Oral contraceptives often cause melasma and other skin issues.
7 citations
,
April 2011 in “Expert review of dermatology” The document concludes that patients with skin of color need specialized dermatological care and education to manage unique skin conditions effectively.
5 citations
,
August 2014 in “Dermatologic surgery” Advanced fluorescence technology effectively treats skin discoloration from certain creams.
3 citations
,
July 2024 in “Cureus” Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) shows promise for treating melasma but needs more research for confirmation.
2 citations
,
October 2021 in “Clinical and experimental dermatology” Cyperus rotundus essential oil effectively treats underarm darkening, reduces inflammation, and slows hair growth.
1 citations
,
August 2024 in “Cosmetics” Melasma treatment is difficult, but combination therapies and personalized plans show promise.
1 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of Pigmentary Disorders” Treating melasma in men is difficult, especially for the deeper skin layers, and may need more than just topical treatments.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “Springer eBooks” Cosmeceuticals may benefit skin health but need more research for efficacy and safety confirmation.
March 2025 in “JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Facial hyperpigmentation improved with oral isotretinoin and ivermectin cream after Demodex mites were identified as the cause.
January 2023 in “Indian journal of pharmacy practice” Over-the-counter cosmetic creams can cause skin damage on the face that is visible under dermoscopy and confirmed by tissue analysis.
January 2022 in “International Journal of Nutrology” Diet and nutrients, including lycopene from tomatoes and hydroquinone from wheat, can help control melasma, a skin condition.
Melanin-rich skin has unique challenges in diagnosing and treating skin diseases.