2 citations
,
January 2017 in “Endocrinology” Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.
13 citations
,
August 2018 in “Clinical Chemistry” Total testosterone levels can help diagnose androgen-producing tumors and hyperandrogenism in women.
10 citations
,
November 2024 in “Diagnostics” High androgen levels cause skin issues in PCOS, affecting quality of life.
May 2026 in “Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council” Menopausal hormone therapy can improve skin and hair health in menopausal women.
April 2006 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes” Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual function, mood, and bone density in women with low androgen levels, but more research is needed on long-term safety.
46 citations
,
August 2006 in “PubMed” A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.
February 2024 in “Pediatrics in review” A 15-year-old girl with missed periods was diagnosed with a pituitary disorder and treated with hormones and steroids.
April 2022 in “PANACEA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES” People with both obvious and not-so-obvious underactive thyroid issues often have higher levels of the hormone prolactin.
2 citations
,
January 2012 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Hirsutism and alopecia during menopause can be diagnosed and treated with specific hormonal and topical therapies.
117 citations
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May 2017 in “Human Reproduction Update” The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.
25 citations
,
January 1978 in “JAMA” Topical corticosteroids can cause serious side effects like Cushing's syndrome and hirsutism.
September 2017 in “Fertility and sterility” Vietnamese women with PCOS tend to be younger, have larger waists, higher AMH levels, and more body hair than those without PCOS.
9 citations
,
April 2018 in “Biology of reproduction” Diet changes hormone levels in pregnant ewes by affecting metabolism, not placental synthesis.
6 citations
,
April 2004 in “Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry” New progesterone-based compounds can block male hormones.
June 2025 in “V F Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology” A six-year-old girl has early signs of puberty, needs no treatment, but requires regular check-ups for future health risks.
January 2020 in “Nihon Yakuri Gakkai nenkai yoshishu” Reducing 5α-reductase activity helps endometrial cells differentiate, aiding pregnancy.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” Transgender men on testosterone therapy need ongoing gynecologic care due to potential cancer risks.
May 2002 in “British Journal of Dermatology” A pregnant woman's skin condition improved after giving birth, possibly due to high estrogen levels during pregnancy.
January 2023 in “Pharma innovation” Polycystic ovary syndrome affects health and can be hard to diagnose, with treatments ranging from drugs to herbal remedies.
4 citations
,
August 2019 Higher free testosterone levels can increase bone density and decrease body fat but may raise the risk of prostate cancer, hair loss, and benign prostate enlargement.
67 citations
,
January 2007 in “Climacteric” Estrogens and SERMs can help with skin aging, but their safety and effectiveness need more research.
2 citations
,
November 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” Reducing granulosa cell pyroptosis may improve oocyte maturation in PCOS.
A 22-year-old woman with a rare genetic condition was successfully treated to develop normal female characteristics and regular menstruation.
158 citations
,
June 2017 in “Maturitas” Estrogen helps improve skin aging and healing, especially in post-menopausal women.
8 citations
,
July 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” 17β-estradiol lowers polyamine oxidase levels in breast cancer cells through estrogen receptor 2.
20 citations
,
July 1998 in “Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine” A man's adrenal insufficiency was caused by a pituitary tumor linked to kidney cancer.
176 citations
,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
49 citations
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February 2009 in “Maturitas” Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.
April 2024 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” Higher anxiety levels are linked to sexual dysfunction in women with PCOS.