24 citations
,
December 1988 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Acne severity in women may not be linked to increased male hormone indicators like excess body hair, menstrual irregularities, or hair loss.
40 citations
,
November 2013 in “European journal of endocrinology” Effective hirsutism treatment for women with PCOS should be personalized and may include lifestyle changes and medication.
Hirsutism in women is mostly due to PCOS and can be managed with oral contraceptives and hair removal methods.
93 citations
,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
154 citations
,
October 1996 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Estrogen affects hair growth and skin cell multiplication.
September 2017 in “Fertility and sterility” Vietnamese women with PCOS tend to be younger, have larger waists, higher AMH levels, and more body hair than those without PCOS.
7 citations
,
July 1981 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” The normalized androgen ratio can help manage conditions with excess androgen activity in women.
January 2015 in “Side effects of drugs annual” The document concludes that sex hormones and related compounds have various effects on health, with both potential benefits and risks.
1540 citations
,
October 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.
December 2022 in “Journal of Medical Case Reports” A 20-year-old woman was found to have a rare ovarian tumor causing symptoms like acne and a low-pitched voice, which disappeared after the tumor was removed.
December 2024 in “Journal of Neonatal Surgery” Hormonal imbalances, especially high androgen levels and insulin resistance, are linked to worse acne in adult women.
8 citations
,
March 2010 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Free Testosterone Index, bioavailable testosterone, and androstenedione are the most accurate for diagnosing excess male hormones in PCOS.
January 2011 in “Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery” Acne and hair loss are not good indicators of hormone imbalance in PCOS, but excessive body hair is.
9 citations
,
February 2020 in “International Journal of Endocrinology” Some men with early hair loss may have a male version of PCOS, affecting hormones and increasing health risks.
November 2012 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” A new genetic mutation causes severe Leydig cell hypoplasia, affecting sexual development.
1 citations
,
January 2016 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” Hypothyroidism may worsen metabolic problems like insulin resistance and obesity in women with PCOS.
150 citations
,
June 1999 in “Oncogene” October 2015 in “药物不良反应杂志” Stopping the drug usually helps, but tamoxifen or surgery may be needed if symptoms persist.
4 citations
,
January 2000 in “PubMed” Early balding in men might be a male hormonal equivalent of polycystic ovaries syndrome in women.
49 citations
,
November 2019 in “Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics” Certain gene variants may contribute to high androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
July 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Higher BMI, IGF-1, and DHEAS levels are linked to advanced bone age in young Chinese girls with early breast development.
37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
39 citations
,
November 1978 in “Annals of internal medicine” Spironolactone may help reduce excessive hair growth in women with high male hormone levels.
The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.
1 citations
,
January 2016 in “Medicinski glasnik Specijalne bolnice za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma” Most 46XX CAH patients have female identity, but a few identify as male and may need treatment and surgery.
58 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Estrogen helps keep skin healthy and may make women look younger and more attractive.
July 2019 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” The woman had a rare adrenal tumor removed, and she recovered well with no signs of the tumor returning.
30 citations
,
May 2015 in “Current Cardiology Reviews” Lower testosterone increases heart disease risk; higher estradiol increases risk in women.
December 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women can cause skin and hair issues, but local estrogen therapies help improve vaginal health.
5 citations
,
July 2024 in “Minerva Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender individuals can increase the risk of erythrocytosis.