15 citations
,
January 2015 in “Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine” Taiwanese women with PCOS experience different symptoms based on age, with younger women facing more hormone imbalances and older women dealing with more metabolic issues.
24 citations
,
April 2021 in “BMC women's health” High BMI worsens hair growth in women with PCOS.
July 2019 in “Mayo Clinic proceedings” The man's fatigue and erectile dysfunction were improved by treating his obesity-related low testosterone without needing testosterone replacement.
Hormones beyond androgens may cause acne and hair loss.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Almost 40% of Greek women with acne show signs of androgen-related disorders, with adult women more likely affected.
March 2014 in “Fertility and Sterility” The April 2014 issue of "Fertility and Sterility" discussed various reproductive health topics, including hormone therapy benefits, sperm and genetic factors in male infertility, and the link between PCOS and diabetes.
2 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Internal Medicine” Men using steroids or finasteride to look more attractive may harm their fertility and sexual function, creating a paradox where they seem fit but may be less able to reproduce.
June 2020 in “ACTA MEDICA IRANICA” A rare benign ovarian tumor caused virilization in a postmenopausal woman, treated successfully with surgery.
February 2024 in “Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology” PCOS women have more arm fat and higher insulin resistance and glucose levels than non-PCOS women.
7 citations
,
April 2012 in “Clinical investigation” Transdermal testosterone can improve sexual desire in postmenopausal women but lacks long-term safety data and is not FDA-approved for this use.
November 2023 in “Manuju” Treating hyperprolactinemia can help manage PCOS symptoms.
7 citations
,
March 2023 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” After tumor removal, the woman regained normal hormone levels, menstruated, and had a healthy baby.
11 citations
,
February 2008 in “British journal of nursing” Idiopathic hirsutism causes excessive hair growth in women, can be treated with medication and hair removal, but cannot be fully reversed.
7 citations
,
April 1992 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Women with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia have higher levels of certain steroids, which can be reduced by treatment.
4 citations
,
December 2021 in “Archivio italiano di urologia andrologia” Certain drugs, especially antiandrogens and spironolactone, significantly increase the risk of gynecomastia.
12 citations
,
January 2004 in “Reproductive biomedicine online” Low-dose anti-androgen drugs and certain drug combinations are effective for hirsutism, and insulin sensitizers show promise, especially for those with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
August 2025 in “International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences” Higher levels of DHEA and TNF-α are linked to PCOS symptoms.
September 2023 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Menopause causes skin and hair to become drier and thinner, but hormone therapy can improve these conditions.
113 citations
,
April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Cyproterone acetate-estrogen most effective for hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient needs.
9 citations
,
June 1999 in “Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica” Oral contraceptives are effective for treating hyperandrogenism, while ovarian electrocautery is better for women with infertility.
7 citations
,
August 2019 in “Endokrynologia Polska” The free androgen index varies among women with different types of PCOS.
1 citations
,
August 2015 in “PubMed” A woman with non-classic CAH had unusual heavy periods and high hormone levels, improved with treatment.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Sheehan syndrome can cause hormone deficiencies after childbirth, but treatment can improve symptoms.
1 citations
,
November 2020 in “Cureus” Clinical signs of hyperandrogenism are related to female pattern hair loss severity, but biochemical markers are not.
4 citations
,
December 1994 in “PubMed” Cyproterone acetate with estradiol improved women's self-confidence and emotional well-being without a difference between oral or transdermal methods, but younger women preferred the oral method.
84 citations
,
November 2003 in “European journal of endocrinology” Women with androgenic alopecia are more likely to have polycystic ovaries and higher androgen levels, which may indicate PCOS.
5 citations
,
July 2020 in “PubMed” Both oral contraceptives reduced hirsutism in PCOS patients, but adding metformin showed no extra benefit.
8 citations
,
January 2021 in “Fermentation” Probiotics and synbiotics might help manage hirsutism by improving insulin resistance.
25 citations
,
March 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Testosterone therapy aims to treat hormone deficiencies and various conditions safely and effectively, but requires careful patient monitoring due to potential side effects.
40 citations
,
January 2010 in “Annales D Endocrinologie” The French Endocrine Society suggests diagnosing PCOS with two of three signs, recommends lifestyle changes and clomiphene for treatment, and calls for more research on certain treatments and tests.