91 citations
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December 2000 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Scientists successfully created mouse hair proteins in the lab, which are stable and similar to natural hair.
46 citations
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June 2013 in “Journal of structural biology” High glycine–tyrosine keratin-associated proteins help make hair strong and maintain its shape.
24 citations
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November 2015 in “Scientific reports” Human hair has a new region with ordered filaments and the cuticle contains β-keratin sheets.
19 citations
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January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
9 citations
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April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.
March 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Disulfide bonds affect the melting behavior of hair's crystalline structure, but hair retains some stability even after these bonds are broken.
48 citations
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July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Hair growth is controlled by specific gene clusters and proteins, and cysteine affects hair gene expression in sheep.
50 citations
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June 1993 in “European journal of biochemistry” Intermediate filaments are crucial for cell structure and function, regulated by specific genes and proteins.
30 citations
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November 2012 in “Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences” Hard α-keratins stay stiff in water because the surrounding matrix keeps them dehydrated and strong.
686 citations
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February 2002 in “Current Opinion in Cell Biology” Keratin filaments are crucial for cell structure and protection, with ongoing discoveries about their genes and functions.
55 citations
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February 2014 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Human hair has a complex, variable structure with a consistent matrix and double-twist pattern.
1 citations
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June 2014 in “[Thesis]. Manchester, UK: The University of Manchester; 2014.” Chemical modifications can alter hair's stability and flexibility, with hydrophobic interactions helping maintain structure in humid conditions.
Human hair can almost fully recover its structure within about 1,000 minutes after being stretched.
Oxidized hair can naturally regain strength and stability over six months.
66 citations
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June 2004 in “Biophysical Journal” Hard α-keratin in hair has a unique, nonordered structure, different from other fibers.
62 citations
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December 2008 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair curvature in Japanese people is linked to specific cell types and filament arrangements in the hair cortex.
12 citations
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January 2014 in “Cell structure and function” Different combinations of human hair keratins affect how hair fibers form.
1 citations
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June 2023 in “Journal of applied crystallography” The technique showed that human hair has two main parts, with 68% being rigid and the rest flexible, and water swelling affects its structure.
1 citations
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January 2009 in “Journal of S C C J” Changing disulfide bonds in human hair affects its melting behavior and thermal stability.
Chemical treatments weaken hair's thermal stability and structure.
January 2014 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” Certain ingredients can help protect hair color.
5 citations
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May 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Versican is important for hair growth and could help find new hair regrowth treatments.
3 citations
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September 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Different oils penetrate hair differently; monounsaturated oils like olive oil penetrate better than polyunsaturated oils.
2 citations
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September 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair quality is genetically determined and linked to its composition and strength.
May 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Melanogenesis inhibitors like kojic acid and niacinamide can reduce inflammation and pigment production in skin cells.
438 citations
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October 2010 in “Oncogene” Keratins help protect cells, aid in cancer diagnosis, and influence cancer behavior and treatment.
December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Keratin proteins are crucial for hair structure and strength.
211 citations
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April 2018 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” Keratins are crucial for cell structure, growth, and disease risk.
84 citations
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January 2008 in “Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology” Skin stem cells help maintain skin health, grow hair, and heal wounds.
70 citations
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January 2014 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.